Everyone makes mistakes. The first thing we need to acknowledge is that people can not be totally rational since the objective cause of information asymmetry and the subjective cause of social and psychological factors. For example, in human resource management, manager may have a bias impression on their employees due to the first impression, halo effect, stereotype, project effect, and immediate cause effect. Based on these effects, we may understand why the Jewish identity of Dreyfus can bring bias impression on others.
Then I’d like to use the word “narcissism” to explain why people think they are right even if they’re wrong. Narcissism can be explained by extremely high self-esteem or by extremely low self-esteem that people are trying to mask. High self-esteem often goes with overconfidence and status-conscious, this kind of people have a strong belief of their judgements and may easily feel offended when others have different opinions. Compared with maintaining their authority, the truth doesn't matter. This is the reason why they refuse to release Dreyfus from prison. However, in our daily life, we should also be aware of people with low self-esteem. For this kind of people, they are sensitive to other people's comments and view neutral comments as criticism, thus ascribe the error to society rather than themselves.
To sum up, if we really want to improve our judgment, the first thing we need is the knowledge about how to improve our rational thinking. Besides, we should avoid being narcissistic, we need to feel proud instead of ashamed when we notice we might have been wrong about something.
Everyone
makes
mistakes. The
first
thing we need to acknowledge is that
people
can not be
totally
rational since the objective cause of information asymmetry and the subjective cause of social and psychological factors.
For example
, in human resource management, manager may have a bias impression on their employees due to the
first
impression, halo
effect
, stereotype, project
effect
, and immediate cause
effect
. Based on these effects, we may understand why the Jewish identity of Dreyfus can bring bias impression on others.
Then I’d like to
use
the word “narcissism” to
explain
why
people
think
they are right even if they’re
wrong
. Narcissism can be
explained
by
extremely
high
self-esteem
or by
extremely
low
self-esteem
that
people
are trying to mask. High
self-esteem
often
goes with overconfidence and status-conscious, this kind of
people
have a strong belief of their judgements and may
easily
feel offended when others have
different
opinions. Compared with maintaining their authority, the truth doesn't matter. This is the reason why they refuse to release Dreyfus from prison.
However
, in our daily life, we should
also
be aware of
people
with low
self-esteem
. For this kind of
people
, they are sensitive to other
people
's comments and view neutral comments as criticism,
thus
ascribe the error to society
rather
than themselves.
To sum up, if we
really
want to
improve
our
judgment
, the
first
thing we need is the knowledge about how to
improve
our rational thinking.
Besides
, we should avoid being narcissistic, we need to feel proud
instead
of ashamed when we notice we might have been
wrong
about something.
10Linking words, meeting the goal of 7 or more
13Repeated words, meeting the goal of 3 or fewer
1Mistakes