Chronobiology might sound a little futuristic – like something from a science fiction novel, perhaps – but it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the oldest processes life on this planet has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and their effect on flora and fauna.
This can take many forms. Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal patterns. Animals tend to be active or inactive depending on the position of the sun or moon. Numerous creatures, humans included, are largely diurnal – that is, they like to come out during the hours of sunlight. Nocturnal animals, such as bats and possums, prefer to forage by night. A third group are known as crepuscular: they thrive in the low-light of dawn and dusk and remain inactive at other hours.
When it comes to humans, chronobiologists are interested in what is known as the circadian rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally geared to undergo within the passage of a twenty-four hour day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves many other factors such as changes in blood pressure and body temperature. Not everyone has an identical circadian rhythm. ‘Night people’, for example, often describe how they find it very hard to operate during the morning, but become alert and focused by evening. This is a benign variation within circadian rhythms known as a chronotype.
Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of chronobiological demands. Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we breach these natural rhythms for extended periods of time. Plants appear no more malleable in this respect; studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in greenhouses and ripened by laser.
Chronobiology
might sound a
little
futuristic
–
like something from a science fiction novel, perhaps
–
but
it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the oldest processes life on this planet has ever
known
: short-term
rhythms
of time and their effect on flora and fauna.
This can take
many
forms. Marine life,
for example
,
is influenced
by tidal patterns. Animals tend to be active or inactive depending on the position of the sun or moon. Numerous creatures, humans included, are
largely
diurnal
–
that is
, they like to
come
out during the hours of sunlight. Nocturnal animals, such as bats and possums, prefer to forage by night. A third group are
known
as crepuscular: they thrive in the low-light of dawn and dusk and remain inactive at other hours.
When it
comes
to humans, chronobiologists
are interested
in what is
known
as the
circadian
rhythm
. This is the complete cycle our bodies are
naturally
geared to undergo within the passage of a
twenty-four hour
day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves
many
other factors such as
changes
in blood pressure and body temperature. Not everyone has an identical
circadian
rhythm
. ‘Night
people
’,
for example
,
often
describe
how they find it
very
hard
to operate during the morning,
but
become alert and focused by evening. This is a benign variation within
circadian
rhythms
known
as a chronotype.
Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of
chronobiological
demands. Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our
circadian
rhythms
,
for example
,
but
our bodies can
tell
the difference and health suffers when we breach these natural
rhythms
for extended periods of time. Plants appear no more malleable in this respect; studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in greenhouses and ripened by laser.