Online learning challenges and ways to overcome
Online learning challenges and ways to overcome wO8Nm
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector in Malaysia. This pandemic had caused a major shift to online education, which had impacted students and teachers immensely (Almazova et al. , 2020). According to Hijazi and AINatour (2021), online education is classified as a type of distance education as instructions and assessments are all completed using the Internet. Due to the sudden shift, teachers had to adapt and transform the current curriculum, which was made for physical classes, to one that would suit an online class. This is so that education would still go on despite not physically attending class.
Changing from a physical class to an online education has many advantages. Students were able to conveniently gain access to teachers’ assessments and materials through an online learning platform (Mukhtar et al. , 2020). Additionally, students were able to save on travelling expenses as they do not have to go back to campus. For lecturers, their administrative tasks, like recording of lectures and marking attendance are easier done online, as it is relatively easy to record lectures with an online platform.
Despite the advantages, there are also multiple problems that comes with online learning. Lack of money, good internet connection, a proper computer, and personal attention are some of the biggest problems when it comes to online learning (Dhawan, 2020). Teachers were also unable to evaluate students’ understanding on the topic due to the lack of immediate feedback given to the students (Mukhtar et al. , 2020). There are many challenges that are faced by students and teachers that could hinder the process of learning in schools.
Thus, the purpose of this essay is to analyse the challenges faced by university students and lecturers in online learning and discuss the reasons and effects of the challenges. Then, solutions and methods for the challenges mentioned will be examined to help lecturers and students improve on online learning in the future.
Discussion
Problems
One of the most prominent challenges in online learning is Internet infrastructure. Students would constantly have poor and unstable connectivity along with limited broadband mobile data (Chung et al. , 2020a). This could be due to financial constraints that restrict students from buying mobile data or Wi-Fi connections that are suitable for online learning (Sim et al. , 2021). As stated by Chung, Subramaniam and Dass (2020b), 60. 2% of university students in West Malaysia had issues with internet connectivity when attending online classes. This was especially so in rural areas, whereby students were not able to have proper connection to the Internet to take their classes. The major effects of having poor Internet connection is not being able to download materials needed for the lessons, as some materials could take a long time to download (Hijazi & AINatour, 2021). Not only that, but poor connectivity leads to students being ‘kicked out’ of class and the inability to log into a course from the beginning (Dinh & Nguyen, 2020). Furthermore, students would not be able to listen or contribute to the lecture as well, as poor connectivity causes the students to lag in the middle of class. This could be damaging to students, as they would not be able to understand the course, which would lower their morale in learning the subject.
Moreover, limited resources were one of the problems that teachers and students face in online learning. Due to the sudden shift, the students were not able to obtain proper laptops or mobile devices in order to attend online classes. According to Chung, Subramaniam and Dass (2020), 32. 6% of diploma students in West Malaysia and 42. 7% of degree students in East Malaysia had slow personal laptop and devices. Some students may even lack space in their gadgets to install the necessary applications for online learning. This could be due to financial constraints, as they are not able to afford high capacity computers, laptops and handphones (Sim et al, 2021). As stated by a study done by Anderson and Perrin (2018), some students had to share their electronic gadgets and mobile data with siblings. Thus, this could hinder the students’ learning, as their devices could not cope with online lectures done live. Also, since students are not able to access libraries and the facilities in campus, they could not obtain books and materials needed for their assignments.
In addition, students also seem to face issues with lack of interaction. As stated by Sim, Sim and Quah (2021), online learning had slowed down the process of teaching and learning due to long queues for questions. This is due to the lack of timely feedback given. Also, since the shift from physical classes to online classes were rapid, teachers were unable to cope with the sudden change, thus there was a lack of clarification in the assignments and lecture given to students (Hijazi & AINatour, 2021). Not only that, but the teachers struggle to manage classrooms in online learning. The teachers felt like they had no control over the class as they were unable to communicate with students (Kolesova et al. , 2021). With the added problem of poor connectivity among students, they are unable to receive timely feedback nor communicate with students during group activities, which hinders them from learning and understanding the course in class (Adnan & Anwar, 2020). Therefore, students struggled to adjust to the new online learning environment because they were not able to interact properly with their peers or their lecturers.
Moreover, another problem with online learning is that the teaching methods used in classes. Many university students in Malaysia find that the lecturers different online learning methods used in class were confusing for them (Sim et al. , 2021). University students, especially in University Teknologi Mara (UiTM), had too many different online learning methods. Even though a LMS Learning system has been set up for students to use, the lecturers do not take advantage of them (Sim et al. , 2021). Instead, the lecturers use other platforms that are more convenient to them, which could potentially confuse students. This could be due to a significant digital gap among instructors of various ages (Shafie et al. , 2019). The effects of having many different teaching methods is that students could get confused on which platforms to use for each course they take. Also, if the students are unable to understand how the online learning platform works, then the student may be reluctant to attend online classes.
Furthermore, another problem that many researchers have overlooked is motivation in students when having online classes. According to Herguner, Son, Herguner Son and Donmez (2020), motivation is important in online learning as it has a great effect on students’ attitudes and learning habits. Based on the research done by Sim, Sim and Quah (2021), and Chung, Subramaniam and Dass (2020b), there is a significant amount of university students in Malaysia that lacked the motivation to learn when classes are being conducted online. Some students from Sim’s research had mentioned that they struggled with online learning because they feel that this mode of learning is a lonely, boring experience. As a result, students lack concentration in online learning and some students would even fall asleep during online learning (Morgan, 2020).
Recommendations
Based on the problems mentioned above, the stakeholders involved, which are the teachers, students, government, internet service, providers and more, had tried to combat the issues. According to Chung, Subramaniam and Dass (2020), private telecommunication companies in Malaysia, such as Maxis, Digi and more, had offered a free one gigabyte of broadband data between 8pm to 6pm daily. This is so that students are allowed to engage in online learning without using money. However, this is insufficient for the students as they had mentioned that the data was slow and a live-streaming lecture could take up more than 1 gigabyte (Chung, 2020b).
Hence, to solve the issues of Internet infrastructure, the government should look into long term infrastructure investments for students and teachers alike so that they are able to conduct online classes at ease. Not only the government, but the university should also consider improving internet connectivity within their campus as well. This is because some students may come to campus to attend online lectures, as their home could have weak internet connection. As online learning could be the new norm in many universities, it is important to improve internet connectivity. Another recommendation provided by Hijazi and AINatour (2021), is for universities to form partnerships with mobile network operators so that they are able to reduce costs on students, which increases internet availability for students in the future.
Besides that, some solutions that could be considered when it comes to the limited resources is by having the government provide money for students to support them with online learning. By giving money to students, they are able to obtain the necessary means for online learning, such as proper laptop and mobile devices. This also means that the students would not have to share their devices among each other. Also, universities should also provide necessary resources for students to understand the subject matter, as well as doing their assignments. This could be done by providing an online learning resource library whereby students are able to obtain different materials needed for their classes, such as journal articles, textbooks and so on.
Some solutions that could solve the issues with the lack of interaction in classes is by improving on the activities and practices given to students. In order to have a more interactive class, the teacher should try and implement more engaging activities so that it would encourage students to interact with each other. For example, teachers could provide online materials like a virtual debate in order to encourage interaction among students. Also, if online learning were to be long-term for students, the lecturers should implement a long-term strategy for blended learning, which incorporates both online and face-to-face learning (Dinh & Nguyen, 2020). This strategy combines a critical component of social work education with the convenience and flexibility of online lectures, resulting in increasing students’ satisfaction and performance.
Furthermore, in order to deal with the issues of having too many teaching methods used in class, the lecturers should come together and discuss having synchronisation of online platforms for online teaching and learning. This is so that students could avoid problems with lecturers using different online platforms for different subjects, which would help alleviate students’ anxiety when they attend classes (Chung et al. , 2020). In addition, by having lecturers go for training sessions, they could learn how to organise online classes for the students, and be more effective in delivering online learning contents to the students. With this, students may be less confused on the subject matter and would be motivated to learn.
Lastly, to solve the issues of motivation among students, the teachers should plan and redesign their lessons in order to cater to the needs of the students (Sim et al. , 2021). This could be reducing the time for online delivery of lessons so that students would not be overburdened with long lectures and a huge amount of assignments. Not only that, but it would help students retain their attention span on the screen, which would solve students’ boredom in class. Educators could also implement motivating instructional methods, like virtual tours or virtual field trips so that it would inspire students and foster learning opportunities for students to be more productive in classes.
Conclusion
In summary, there are five problems and solutions pertaining to online learning had been mentioned in this paper. The first problem is due to Internet infrastructure, and how students have been dealing with poor Internet connection as well as unstable mobile data when attending online classes. This could be solved by having government provide free Internet connection and having universities provide better connectivity in campus for students to attend classes with ease. Furthermore, the second problem was limited resources in terms of electronic gadgets and library resources. The possible solutions could be that the government were to provide money for students to afford proper devices and having universities provide an online library for students. Then, the third problem is the lack of interaction in class, as students were unable to interact with their peers and their lecturers. The possible solutions for this problem are to improve on activities given to students and teaching methods on blended learning for future use. Moreover, the fourth problem presented is the excessive amount of teaching methods and the solution is for lecturers to come together and collectively decide on a teaching method and an online platform to use during online lectures. This is to ensure that students would not get confused on which platforms to use. Lastly, the final problem presented is the lack of motivation for students to attend online classes. This is could be solved by restructuring their lesson plans and activities in order to cater to the needs of the students. Additionally, having more motivating instructional methods of teaching would make students more productive.
Therefore, it is important that the stakeholders involved to take these problems into consideration to further improve online education for students. This is so that students are able to have a fruitful education despite the dire situation. As mentioned by Ruth (2018), drastic changes need to be made so that the attitudes towards all aspects of online learning would be positive for students, instead of being a huge burden on them.
The COVID-19 pandemic has
affected
the
education
sector in Malaysia. This pandemic had caused a major
shift
to
online
education
, which had impacted
students
and
teachers
immensely
(
Almazova
et al.
,
2020).
According
to
Hijazi
and
AINatour
(2021),
online
education
is classified
as a type of distance
education
as instructions and assessments are all completed using the Internet.
Due
to the sudden
shift
,
teachers
had to adapt and transform the
current
curriculum, which
was made
for physical
classes
, to one that would suit an
online
class
. This is
so
that
education
would
still
go on despite not
physically
attending
class
.
Changing from a physical
class
to an
online
education
has
many
advantages.
Students
were
able
to
conveniently
gain access to
teachers’
assessments and
materials
through an
online
learning
platform
(
Mukhtar
et al.
,
2020).
Additionally
,
students
were
able
to save on travelling expenses as they do not
have to
go back to
campus
. For
lecturers
, their administrative tasks, like recording of
lectures
and marking attendance are easier done
online
, as it is
relatively
easy to record
lectures
with an
online
platform.
Despite the advantages, there are
also
multiple
problems
that
comes
with
online
learning
.
Lack
of
money
,
good
internet
connection
, a
proper
computer, and personal attention are
some
of the biggest
problems
when it
comes
to
online
learning
(
Dhawan
, 2020).
Teachers
were
also
unable
to evaluate
students’
understanding on the topic
due
to the
lack
of immediate feedback
given
to the
students
(
Mukhtar
et al.
,
2020). There are
many
challenges
that
are faced
by
students
and
teachers
that could hinder the process of
learning
in schools.
Thus
, the purpose of this essay is to
analyse
the
challenges
faced by
university
students
and
lecturers
in
online
learning
and discuss the reasons and effects of the
challenges
. Then,
solutions
and
methods
for the
challenges
mentioned
will
be examined
to
help
lecturers
and
students
improve
on
online
learning
in the future.
Discussion
Problems
One of the most prominent
challenges
in
online
learning
is Internet
infrastructure
.
Students
would
constantly
have
poor
and unstable
connectivity
along with
limited
broadband mobile
data
(Chung et al.
,
2020a). This could be
due
to financial constraints that restrict
students
from buying mobile
data
or Wi-Fi
connections
that are suitable for
online
learning
(Sim et al.
,
2021). As stated by Chung,
Subramaniam
and
Dass
(2020b), 60. 2% of
university
students
in West Malaysia had
issues
with internet
connectivity
when attending
online
classes
. This was
especially
so
in rural areas, whereby
students
were not
able
to have
proper
connection
to the Internet to take their
classes
. The major effects of
having
poor
Internet
connection
is not being
able
to download
materials
needed for the
lessons
, as
some
materials
could take a
long
time to download (
Hijazi
&
AINatour
, 2021). Not
only
that,
but
poor
connectivity
leads to
students
being ‘kicked out’ of
class
and the inability to log into a
course
from the beginning (
Dinh
& Nguyen, 2020).
Furthermore
,
students
would not be
able
to listen or contribute to the
lecture
as
well
, as
poor
connectivity
causes the
students
to lag in the middle of
class
. This could be damaging to
students
, as they would not be
able
to understand the
course
, which would lower their morale in
learning
the subject.
Moreover
,
limited
resources were one of the
problems
that
teachers
and
students
face in
online
learning
.
Due
to the sudden
shift
, the
students
were not
able
to
obtain
proper
laptops
or mobile
devices
in
order
to
attend
online
classes
.
According
to Chung,
Subramaniam
and
Dass
(2020), 32. 6% of diploma
students
in West Malaysia and 42. 7% of degree
students
in East Malaysia had slow personal
laptop
and
devices
.
Some
students
may even
lack
space in their gadgets to install the necessary applications for
online
learning
. This could be
due
to financial constraints, as they are not
able
to afford high capacity computers,
laptops
and
handphones
(Sim
et al
, 2021). As stated by a study done by Anderson and
Perrin
(2018),
some
students
had to share their electronic gadgets and mobile
data
with siblings.
Thus
, this could hinder the
students’
learning
, as their
devices
could not cope with
online
lectures
done
live
.
Also
, since
students
are not
able
to access libraries and the facilities in
campus
, they could not
obtain
books and
materials
needed for their assignments.
In addition
,
students
also
seem to face
issues
with
lack
of
interaction
. As stated by Sim, Sim and
Quah
(2021),
online
learning
had slowed down the process of
teaching
and
learning
due
to
long
queues for questions. This is
due
to the
lack
of timely feedback
given
.
Also
, since the
shift
from physical
classes
to
online
classes
were rapid,
teachers
were
unable
to cope with the sudden
change
,
thus
there was a
lack
of clarification in the assignments and
lecture
given
to
students
(
Hijazi
&
AINatour
, 2021). Not
only
that,
but
the
teachers
struggle to manage classrooms in
online
learning
. The
teachers
felt like they had no control over the
class
as they were
unable
to communicate with
students
(
Kolesova
et al.
,
2021). With the
added
problem
of
poor
connectivity
among
students
, they are
unable
to receive timely feedback nor communicate with
students
during group
activities
, which hinders them from
learning
and understanding the
course
in
class
(Adnan & Anwar, 2020).
Therefore
,
students
struggled to adjust to the new
online
learning
environment
because
they were not
able
to interact
properly
with their peers or their lecturers.
Moreover
, another
problem
with
online
learning
is that the
teaching
methods
used
in
classes
.
Many
university
students
in Malaysia find that the
lecturers
different
online
learning
methods
used
in
class
were confusing for them (Sim et al.
,
2021).
University
students
,
especially
in
University
Teknologi
Mara (
UiTM
), had too
many
different
online
learning
methods
.
Even though
a
LMS
Learning
system has
been set
up for
students
to
use
, the
lecturers
do not take advantage of them (Sim et al.
,
2021).
Instead
, the
lecturers
use
other
platforms
that are more convenient to them, which could
potentially
confuse
students
. This could be
due
to a significant digital gap among instructors of various ages (
Shafie
et al.
,
2019). The effects of
having
many
different
teaching
methods
is that
students
could
get
confused on which
platforms
to
use
for each
course
they take.
Also
, if the
students
are
unable
to understand how the
online
learning
platform
works, then the
student
may be reluctant to
attend
online
classes.
Furthermore
, another
problem
that
many
researchers have overlooked is
motivation
in
students
when
having
online
classes
.
According
to
Herguner
, Son,
Herguner
Son and
Donmez
(2020),
motivation
is
important
in
online
learning
as it has a great
effect
on
students’
attitudes and
learning
habits. Based on the research done by Sim, Sim and
Quah
(2021), and Chung,
Subramaniam
and
Dass
(2020b), there is a significant amount of
university
students
in Malaysia that lacked the
motivation
to learn when
classes
are
being conducted
online
.
Some
students
from Sim’s research had
mentioned
that they struggled with
online
learning
because
they feel that this mode of
learning
is a lonely, boring experience.
As a result
,
students
lack
concentration in
online
learning
and
some
students
would even fall asleep during
online
learning
(Morgan, 2020).
Recommendations
Based on the
problems
mentioned
above, the stakeholders involved, which are the
teachers
,
students
,
government
, internet service, providers and more, had tried to combat the
issues
.
According
to Chung,
Subramaniam
and
Dass
(2020), private telecommunication
companies
in Malaysia, such as Maxis,
Digi
and more, had offered a free one gigabyte of broadband
data
between 8pm to 6pm daily. This is
so
that
students
are
allowed
to engage in
online
learning
without using
money
.
However
, this is insufficient for the
students
as they had
mentioned
that the
data
was slow and a
live
-streaming
lecture
could take up more than 1 gigabyte (Chung, 2020b).
Hence
, to
solve
the
issues
of Internet
infrastructure
, the
government
should look into
long
term
infrastructure
investments for
students
and
teachers
alike
so
that they are
able
to conduct
online
classes
at
ease
. Not
only
the
government
,
but
the
university
should
also
consider improving internet
connectivity
within their
campus
as
well
. This is
because
some
students
may
come
to
campus
to
attend
online
lectures
, as their home could have weak internet
connection
. As
online
learning
could be the new norm in
many
universities
, it is
important
to
improve
internet
connectivity
. Another recommendation provided by
Hijazi
and
AINatour
(2021), is for
universities
to form partnerships with mobile network operators
so
that they are
able
to
reduce
costs on
students
, which increases internet availability for
students
in the future.
Besides
that,
some
solutions
that could
be considered
when it
comes
to the
limited
resources is by
having
the
government
provide
money
for
students
to support them with
online
learning
. By giving
money
to
students
, they are
able
to
obtain
the necessary means for
online
learning
, such as
proper
laptop
and mobile
devices
. This
also
means that the
students
would not
have to
share their
devices
among each other.
Also
,
universities
should
also
provide
necessary resources for
students
to understand the
subject matter
, as
well
as doing their assignments. This could
be done
by providing an
online
learning
resource
library whereby
students
are
able
to
obtain
different
materials
needed for their
classes
, such as journal articles, textbooks and
so
on.
Some
solutions
that could
solve
the
issues
with the
lack
of
interaction
in
classes
is by improving on the
activities
and practices
given
to
students
. In
order
to have a more interactive
class
, the
teacher
should
try and
implement more engaging
activities
so
that it would encourage
students
to interact with each other.
For example
,
teachers
could
provide
online
materials
like a virtual debate in
order
to encourage
interaction
among
students
.
Also
, if
online
learning
were to be long-term for
students
, the
lecturers
should implement a long-term strategy for blended
learning
, which incorporates both
online
and face-to-face
learning
(
Dinh
& Nguyen, 2020). This strategy combines a critical component of social work
education
with the convenience and flexibility of
online
lectures
, resulting in increasing
students’
satisfaction and performance.
Furthermore
, in
order
to deal with the
issues
of
having
too
many
teaching
methods
used
in
class
, the
lecturers
should
come
together and discuss
having
synchronisation
of
online
platforms
for
online
teaching
and
learning
. This is
so
that
students
could avoid
problems
with
lecturers
using
different
online
platforms
for
different
subjects, which would
help
alleviate
students’
anxiety when they
attend
classes
(Chung et al.
,
2020).
In addition
, by
having
lecturers
go for training sessions, they could learn how to
organise
online
classes
for the
students
, and be more effective in delivering
online
learning
contents to the
students
. With this,
students
may be less confused on the
subject matter
and would
be motivated
to learn.
Lastly
, to
solve
the
issues
of
motivation
among
students
, the
teachers
should plan and redesign their
lessons
in
order
to cater to the needs of the
students
(Sim et al.
,
2021). This could be reducing the time for
online
delivery of
lessons
so
that
students
would not
be overburdened
with
long
lectures
and a huge amount of assignments. Not
only
that,
but
it would
help
students
retain their attention span on the screen, which would
solve
students’
boredom in
class
. Educators could
also
implement motivating instructional
methods
, like virtual tours or virtual field trips
so
that it would inspire
students
and foster
learning
opportunities for
students
to be more productive in classes.
Conclusion
In summary, there are five
problems
and
solutions
pertaining to
online
learning
had been
mentioned
in this paper. The
first
problem
is
due
to Internet
infrastructure
, and how
students
have been dealing with
poor
Internet
connection
as
well
as unstable mobile
data
when attending
online
classes
. This could
be solved
by
having
government
provide
free Internet
connection
and
having
universities
provide
better
connectivity
in
campus
for
students
to
attend
classes
with
ease
.
Furthermore
, the second
problem
was
limited
resources in terms of electronic gadgets and library resources. The possible
solutions
could be that the
government
were to
provide
money
for
students
to afford
proper
devices
and
having
universities
provide
an
online
library for
students
. Then, the third
problem
is the
lack
of
interaction
in
class
, as
students
were
unable
to interact with their peers and their
lecturers
. The possible
solutions
for this
problem
are to
improve
on
activities
given
to
students
and
teaching
methods
on blended
learning
for future
use
.
Moreover
, the fourth
problem
presented is the excessive amount of
teaching
methods
and the
solution
is for
lecturers
to
come
together and
collectively
decide on a
teaching
method
and an
online
platform
to
use
during
online
lectures
. This is to ensure that
students
would not
get
confused on which
platforms
to
use
.
Lastly
, the final
problem
presented is the
lack
of
motivation
for
students
to
attend
online
classes
. This
is
could
be solved
by restructuring their
lesson
plans and
activities
in
order
to cater to the needs of the
students
.
Additionally
,
having
more motivating instructional
methods
of
teaching
would
make
students
more productive.
Therefore
, it is
important
that the stakeholders involved to take these
problems
into consideration to
further
improve
online
education
for
students
. This is
so
that
students
are
able
to have a fruitful
education
despite the dire situation. As
mentioned
by Ruth (2018), drastic
changes
need to
be made
so
that the attitudes towards all aspects of
online
learning
would be
positive
for
students
,
instead
of being a huge burden on them.