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In another study by Krishnan et al.

In another study by Krishnan et al. a70AY

In another study by Krishnan et al. To detect and measure ammonia gas from exhaled breath VOCs in renal patients, an array of hydrogel-based colorimetric sensors was performed, wherein they created a new hydrogel thin film as a substrate, via incorporating PVA with TiO₂ nanoparticles and hydroquinone HQ, in addition to sol-gel formulated pH indicator sensor array for the real-time quantification and increase the response to ammonia gas. After the production of sol-gel formulations, they are cast in an array on a hydrogel film. For fabrication of the hydrogel film, commercially available PET transparent films through using O2 plasma treatment have been used as a substrate. also in this study, glutaraldehyde was added as a crosslinker to prevent swelling and shrinkage of the hydrogel. Then TiO₂ and HQ nanoparticles were added to the hydrogel at optimized concentrations to increase the resulting color change. 9 dyes of pH indicator have been used which were created through sol-gel technique and eventually drop cast on the hydrogel. It was determined that TiO₂ NP and HQ also improved the sensitivity of the colorimetric sensor array. in this study, Ammonia can be detected with a detection limit of 0. 3 ppm, which is much lower than the allowable limit. It was also found that within the range of 0. 5 to 10 ppm there's a linear relationship for ammonia. This approach minimizes the effect of environmental factors and succeeds in detecting various concentrations of ammonia along with other relevant breath analytes[350].

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Krishnan et
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 in renal patients, an You use this word too often, consider replacing it withbatchbunchbundleclusterdesigndisplay
array
 of hydrogel-based colorimetric sensors was performed
, wherein they created a new hydrogel thin film as a substrate, via incorporating PVA with TiO₂ nanoparticles and Possible spelling mistake found.
hydroquinone
 HQ, in addition
 to sol-gel formulated pH indicator sensor You use this word too often, consider replacing it withbatchbunchbundleclusterdesigndisplay
array
 for the real-time quantification and increase the response to ammonia gas. After the production of sol-gel formulations, they are cast
 in an You use this word too often, consider replacing it withbatchbunchbundleclusterdesigndisplay
array
 on a hydrogel film. For fabrication of the hydrogel film, commercially
 available PET transparent films through using O2 plasma treatment have been This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :exploited
used
 as a substrate. This sentence does not start with an uppercase letterAlso
also
 in this study, Possible spelling mistake found.
glutaraldehyde
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added
 as a Possible spelling mistake found.cross linker
crosslinker
 to This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :preclude
prevent
 swelling and shrinkage of the hydrogel. Then TiO₂ and HQ nanoparticles were This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :accrued
added
 to the hydrogel at optimized concentrations to increase the resulting color This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :alteradjust
change
. 9 dyes of pH indicator have been This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :exploited
used
 which were created
 through sol-gel technique and eventually
 drop cast on the hydrogel. It was determined
 that TiO₂ NP and HQ also
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :ameliorated
improved
 the sensitivity of the colorimetric sensor You use this word too often, consider replacing it withbatchbunchbundleclusterdesigndisplay
array
. This sentence does not start with an uppercase letterIn
in
 this study, Ammonia can be detected
 with a detection limit of 0. 3 ppm, which is much lower than the allowable limit. It was also
 found that within the range of 0. 5 to 10 ppm there's a linear relationship for ammonia. This approach minimizes the effect of environmental factors and succeeds in detecting various concentrations of ammonia along with other relevant breath analytes[350]. 