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Government financial aid based on merit turns education from a right available to all students into a privilege primarily for the wealthy.

Government financial aid based on merit turns education from a right available to all students into a privilege primarily for the wealthy. wBOdd
"[T]he increased use of merit aid is associated with a decrease in enrollment of low-income and minority students. " This quote from a study done by Amanda L. Griffith, a professor of economics at Wake Forest University, was cited in a statement calling for an end to merit-based financial aid which was issued by a group of private college presidents (Gardner). Making financial aid entirely dependent upon “merit” makes college education even more class and race entitled (and biased) than it is already. As Catherine Rampell wrote, “Merit metrics like SAT scores tend to closely correlate with family income; about 1 in 5 students from households with income over $250, 000 receives merit aid from his or her school. For families making less than $30, 000, it’s 1 in 10” (Rampell). Consequently, basing financial aid for students on merit serves to lock low-income people into poverty; additionally, regardless of whether it is intended or not, merit-based financing also has racial and gender bias. Also, the very term merit-based is misleading. As Chelsea Jones put it, “There is a misnomer in a term commonly used in higher education: merit aid. The use of 'merit’ implies excellence or worthy of praise, but unfortunately, in this context, merit is often synonymous with privilege. ” The fact of the matter is, low-income students who cannot obtain merit-based scholarships are just as smart as their higher-income counterparts who can get the merit-based financial aid but they happen to be unable to take part in the various extracurricular activities that play a big role in determining whether they are a star candidate for a merit-based scholarship or not. A low-income student not only might not have the ability to attend extracurricular activities depending on where her or his school is located, and they might also have to work part-time just to make ends meet even if their school had those opportunities (Jones). Also, are students with disabilities that make it difficult or impossible to participate in extracurricular activities, going to be less able to secure merit-based financial aid? Lastly, single mothers who have one child or more to take care of, in addition to going class and possibly working on top of that, would be unfairly impacted by a decision to make government financial aid for student's merit-based. This would, and already does, make it gender-biased. That, in combination with the fact that women who are equally qualified still tend to get paid less than men for the same jobs, makes this sexist. While the amount of money that is dedicated to merit-based financial aid increases, the amount of money available for need-based financial aid proportionately decreases. Likewise, while the amount of merit-based financial aid increases, conversely, the number of students who receive need-based aid - IE Pell Grant- decreases. The result is fewer black students on the campus: Griffith, an assistant professor of economics at Wake Forest University, found that “the use of merit aid is associated with changes in the socioeconomic and racial composition of the study body. ” According to the report, within three to five years of introducing a merit aid program, the two top tiers of private colleges saw their share of Pell Grant recipients fall by 6 percentage points. At bottom-tier schools, the proportion of Pell Grant recipients initially rose but ultimately dropped by 2 percentage points within 10 years of the creation of such a program. The study also found that the introduction of a merit aid program led to a reduction in the representation of black students at top-tier schools (qtd. in Burd 5). Another problem with merit-based financial aid is that colleges and universities are dedicating a lot of resources to attracting “desirable” students who are high scoring and have high achievements. This is all to enhance the university’s prestige. But what of everyone else? What of those who have disabilities or those who must help take care of siblings or other relatives with disabilities? Likewise, what of the students who have to work part-time or even full time to get by and are not able to spend as much time on their classwork as they would like, or as their classwork really requires, having lower grades as a result? Similarly, what of the LGBTQ students, particularly LGBTQ students of color? David Johns, executive director of the National Black Justice Coalition, (a civil rights organization focused on the empowerment of LGBTQ people) and former executive director of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans, summarized it by saying: The ability for postsecondary institutions to provide credentials, certificates and degrees that are required for certain types of jobs are further stratified or further marginalizing individuals who are from communities that are most under supported or least likely to have access to the high-quality schools…without need-based financial aid (qtd. in Elfman). Making student aid merit-based only for them effectively shuts them out. Statistically speaking, there is plenty of evidence showing that white students are much more likely to receive merit-based financial aid than students of color (Racial Breakdown of Financial Aid). At the same time, black and Chicana people earn less than white people do (Kochhar and Cilluffo). Taken together, making financial aid merit-based only serves to further entrap people of color in a vicious cycle of poverty and inequality. It is white supremacist regardless of whether that is the intent of those who try to implement it. In a country that disproportionately incarcerates people of color, people who get out of prison and want to try to restart their lives by getting a college degree will find it much more difficult to do so in Georgia which has absolutely no need-based financial aid. All financial aid there is merit-based (Total Grant Aid Awarded). In conclusion, making government financial aid for students based solely on merit has already been shown to be an unmitigated disaster for the low-income, disabled, working mothers and people of color. It amounts to educational apartheid and as already stated, it means that government student aid pretty much becomes available only to those who least need it. To paraphrase Catherine Rampell, who is, in turn quoting, Mark Kantrowitz, the publisher at Edvisors. com, for low-income students, the six-year graduation rate is 45 percent when grants cover one-quarter of the college costs, but it goes up to 68 percent when grants cover three-fourths of the college cost; looking at the statistics for high-income students though, the graduation rates are about 78 percent either way. Likewise, merit-based financing has also been shown to cause lower college attendance for non-white students. Education needs to be viewed as an irrevocable right and not a privilege, therefore not only must we no longer consider merit-based student financial aid programs. We must go beyond that and enact federal laws that prohibit states from using merit-based financial student aid programs and force the states which are currently using merit-based financial aid to immediately discontinue that practice and return to the use of need-based financial aid.
"
[T]he increased
use
of
merit
aid
is associated
with a decrease in enrollment of low-income and minority
students
.
"
This quote from a study done by Amanda L. Griffith, a professor of economics at Wake Forest
University
,
was cited
in a statement calling for an
end
to merit-based
financial
aid
which
was issued
by a group of private college presidents (Gardner). Making
financial
aid
entirely
dependent upon
“merit”
makes
college education even more
class
and race entitled (and biased) than it is
already
. As Catherine
Rampell
wrote,
“Merit
metrics like SAT scores tend to
closely
correlate with family income; about 1 in 5
students
from households with income over $250, 000 receives
merit
aid
from
his or her
school
. For families making
less
than $30, 000, it’s 1 in 10” (
Rampell
).
Consequently
, basing
financial
aid
for
students
on
merit
serves to lock low-income
people
into poverty;
additionally
, regardless of whether it
is intended
or not, merit-based financing
also
has racial and gender bias.

Also
, the
very
term merit-based is misleading. As Chelsea Jones put it, “There is a

misnomer in a term
commonly
used
in higher education:
merit
aid
. The
use
of 'merit’
implies


excellence
or worthy of praise,
but
unfortunately, in this context,
merit
is
often
synonymous with privilege. ” The fact of the matter is, low-income
students
who
cannot obtain merit-based scholarships are
just
as smart as their higher-income counterparts
who
can
get
the merit-based
financial
aid
but
they happen to be unable to
take part
in the various extracurricular activities that play a
big
role in determining whether they are a star candidate for a merit-based scholarship or not. A low-income
student
not
only
might not have the ability to attend extracurricular activities depending on where her or his
school
is located
, and they might
also
have to
work part-time
just
to
make
ends
meet
even if their
school
had those opportunities (Jones).
Also
, are
students
with disabilities that
make
it difficult or impossible to participate in extracurricular activities, going to be
less
able to secure merit-based
financial
aid
?
Lastly
, single mothers
who
have one child or more to take care of,
in addition
to going
class
and
possibly
working
on top of that
, would be
unfairly
impacted by a decision to
make
government
financial
aid
for student's merit-based. This would, and
already
does,
make
it gender-biased. That, in combination with the fact that women
who
are
equally
qualified
still
tend to
get
paid
less
than
men
for the same jobs,
makes
this sexist.

While the
amount
of money that
is dedicated
to merit-based
financial
aid
increases, the
amount
of money available for need-based
financial
aid
proportionately
decreases.
Likewise
, while the
amount
of merit-based
financial
aid
increases,
conversely
, the number of
students
who
receive need-based
aid
-
IE Pell
Grant-
decreases. The result is fewer black
students
on the campus:

Griffith, an assistant professor of economics at Wake Forest
University
, found that “the
use
of
merit
aid
is associated
with
changes
in the socioeconomic and racial composition of the study body. ” According to the report, within three to five years of introducing a
merit
aid
program
, the two top tiers of private colleges
saw
their share of
Pell
Grant
recipients fall by 6 percentage points. At bottom-tier
schools
, the proportion of
Pell
Grant
recipients
initially
rose
but
ultimately
dropped by 2 percentage points within 10 years of the creation of such a
program
. The study
also
found that the introduction of a
merit
aid
program
led to a reduction in the representation of black
students
at top-tier
schools
(
qtd
. in
Burd
5).

Another problem with merit-based
financial
aid
is that colleges and
universities
are dedicating
a lot of
resources to attracting “desirable”
students
who
are high scoring and have high achievements. This is all to enhance the
university’s
prestige.
But
what of everyone else? What of those
who
have disabilities or those
who
must
help
take care of siblings or other relatives with disabilities?
Likewise
, what of the
students
who
have to
work part-time or even full time to
get
by and are not able to spend as much time on their classwork as they would like, or as their classwork
really
requires, having lower grades
as a result
?
Similarly
, what of the LGBTQ
students
,
particularly
LGBTQ
students
of
color
? David Johns, executive director of the National Black Justice Coalition, (a civil rights organization focused on the empowerment of LGBTQ
people)
and former executive director of the
White
House
Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans, summarized it by saying:

The ability for
postsecondary
institutions to provide credentials, certificates and degrees that
are required
for certain types of jobs are
further
stratified or
further
marginalizing individuals
who
are from communities that are most under supported or least likely to

have access to the high-quality schools…without need-based
financial
aid
(
qtd
. in

Elfman
). Making
student
aid
merit-based
only
for them
effectively
shuts them out.

Statistically
speaking, there is
plenty
of evidence showing that
white
students
are much

more
likely to receive merit-based
financial
aid
than
students
of
color
(Racial Breakdown of
Financial
Aid)
. At the same time, black and Chicana
people
earn
less
than
white
people
do (
Kochhar
and
Cilluffo
). Taken together, making
financial
aid
merit-based
only
serves to
further
entrap
people
of
color
in a vicious cycle of poverty and inequality. It is
white
supremacist regardless of whether
that is
the intent of those
who
try to implement it. In a country that
disproportionately
incarcerates
people
of
color
,
people
who
get
out of prison and want to try to restart their
lives
by getting a college degree will find it much more difficult to do
so
in Georgia which has
absolutely
no need-based
financial
aid
. All
financial
aid
there is merit-based (Total
Grant
Aid
Awarded).

In conclusion
, making
government
financial
aid
for
students
based
solely
on
merit
has
already
been shown
to be an unmitigated disaster for the low-income, disabled, working mothers and
people
of
color
. It
amounts
to educational apartheid and as
already
stated, it means that
government
student
aid
pretty much becomes available
only
to those
who
least
need it. To paraphrase Catherine
Rampell
,
who
is, in turn quoting, Mark
Kantrowitz
, the publisher at
Edvisors
.
com
, for low-income
students
, the six-year graduation rate is 45 percent when
grants
cover one-quarter of the college costs,
but
it goes up to 68 percent when
grants
cover three-fourths of the college cost; looking at the statistics for high-income
students
though, the graduation rates are about 78 percent either way.
Likewise
, merit-based financing has
also
been shown
to cause lower college attendance for non-white
students
. Education needs to
be viewed
as an irrevocable right and not a privilege,
therefore
not
only
must
we no longer consider merit-based
student
financial
aid
programs
. We
must
go beyond that and enact federal laws that prohibit states from using merit-based
financial
student
aid
programs
and force the states which are
currently
using merit-based
financial
aid
to immediately discontinue that practice and return to the
use
of need-based
financial
aid
.
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IELTS essay Government financial aid based on merit turns education from a right available to all students into a privilege primarily for the wealthy.

Essay
  American English
12 paragraphs
1166 words
5.5
Overall Band Score
Coherence and Cohesion: 5.5
  • Structure your answers in logical paragraphs
  • ?
    One main idea per paragraph
  • Include an introduction and conclusion
  • Support main points with an explanation and then an example
  • Use cohesive linking words accurately and appropriately
  • Vary your linking phrases using synonyms
Lexical Resource: 5.0
  • Try to vary your vocabulary using accurate synonyms
  • Use less common question specific words that accurately convey meaning
  • Check your work for spelling and word formation mistakes
Grammatical Range: 5.5
  • Use a variety of complex and simple sentences
  • Check your writing for errors
Task Achievement: 6.0
  • Answer all parts of the question
  • ?
    Present relevant ideas
  • Fully explain these ideas
  • Support ideas with relevant, specific examples
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