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Gender differences and bias in open source: pull request acceptance of women vs men

Gender differences and bias in open source: pull request acceptance of women vs men 0arA1
In this article, using Github data, claimed to be the largest software repository, gender bias in the open-source software community is investigated by analyzing the acceptance rate of pull requests submitted by female and male developers, which the gender is obtained through a novel gender linking technique using contributors’ social profiles. Although the results demonstrate the women’s high successful contribution, pieces of evidence have been put forward that bias against women still exists in the evaluated community. The research mainly intends to answer an analytical question: ‘To what extent does gender bias exist when pull requests are judged on Github? ’ To this end, researchers attempt to address if women’s pull requests are less likely to be accepted than men’s, in terms of several effects. Examining the status of all pull requests, results show an opposite direction of the initial assumption; women's pull requests are significantly more accepted than those of men. Since the results seem not to be in line with the hypothesis of gender bias in the field, researchers explain the results by decomposing it into evaluating different factors; the acceptance of women’s pull requests and its trend over time; risk-taking behavior, the focal point of attention, importance, and size of women’s pull requests; the complexity/readability of changes made in a variety of programming languages; and eventually, a sociology point of view as favoring women’s pull requests intending to help. Forasmuch as the results illustrate women’s pull request acceptance rate outpace men’s in almost all factors, observations draw researchers’ attention to a controversial decision to clarify even the possibility of reverse discrimination, and that is re-analyzing the factors by controlling covariates, keeping the similar data in both gender groups and removing the outliers, which to some extent acts as a data scrubber. While the statistical power is reduced because of the matching procedure, it controls the notable differences observed in light of mentioned factors. According to the results gained by reconsidering of factors in the reduced sample, it is shown that women’s pull requests acceptance rate drops when their gender is apparent despite earlier proof of their high-quality performance, which can be considered as evidence for the existence of bias against women in open source. Turning to inevitable results obtained in this study, women seem to be more competent than men in male-dominated occupations, which can be explained through different theories.
In this article, using
Possible spelling mistake found.
Github
data, claimed to be the largest software repository, gender
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
bias
in the open-source software community
is investigated
by analyzing the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
acceptance
rate of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
submitted by female and male developers, which the gender
is obtained
through a novel gender linking technique using contributors’ social profiles. Although the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
demonstrate the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
high successful contribution, pieces of evidence have
been put
forward that
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
bias
against
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women
still
exists in the evaluated community. The research
mainly
intends to answer an analytical question: ‘To what extent does gender
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
bias
exist when
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
are judged
on
Possible spelling mistake found.
Github
? ’

To this
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
end
, researchers attempt to address if
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
are less likely to be
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
accepted
than
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
men’s
, in terms of several effects. Examining the status of all
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
,
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
show
an opposite direction of the initial assumption; women's
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
are
significantly
more
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
accepted
than those of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
men
. Since the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
seem not to be in line with the hypothesis of gender
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
bias
in the field, researchers
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
explain
the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
by decomposing it into evaluating
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
different
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
factors
; the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
acceptance
of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
and its trend over time;
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
risk
-taking behavior, the focal point of attention, importance, and size of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
; the complexity/readability of
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
changes
made in a variety of programming languages; and
eventually
, a sociology point of view as favoring
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
intending to
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
help
.

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Forasmuch
as the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
illustrate
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
request
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
acceptance
rate outpace
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
men’s
in almost all
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
factors
, observations draw researchers’ attention to a controversial decision to clarify even the possibility of reverse discrimination, and
that is
re-analyzing the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
factors
by controlling
Possible spelling mistake found.
covariates
, keeping the similar data in both gender groups and removing the outliers, which to
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
some
extent acts as a data scrubber. While the statistical power is
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
reduced
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of the matching procedure, it controls the notable differences observed in light of mentioned factors.

According to the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
gained by reconsidering of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
factors
in the
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
reduced
sample, it
is shown
that
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women’s
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
pull
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
requests
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
acceptance
rate drops when their gender is apparent despite earlier proof of their high-quality performance, which can
be considered
as evidence for the existence of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
bias
against
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women
in open source. Turning to inevitable
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
results
obtained in this study,
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
women
seem to be more competent than
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
men
in male-dominated occupations, which can be
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
explained
through
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
different
theories.
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IELTS essay Gender differences and bias in open source: pull request acceptance of women vs men

Essay
  American English
3 paragraphs
393 words
6.0
Overall Band Score
Coherence and Cohesion: 5.5
  • Structure your answers in logical paragraphs
  • ?
    One main idea per paragraph
  • Include an introduction and conclusion
  • Support main points with an explanation and then an example
  • Use cohesive linking words accurately and appropriately
  • Vary your linking phrases using synonyms
Lexical Resource: 5.0
  • Try to vary your vocabulary using accurate synonyms
  • Use less common question specific words that accurately convey meaning
  • Check your work for spelling and word formation mistakes
Grammatical Range: 6.5
  • Use a variety of complex and simple sentences
  • Check your writing for errors
Task Achievement: 6.0
  • Answer all parts of the question
  • ?
    Present relevant ideas
  • Fully explain these ideas
  • Support ideas with relevant, specific examples
Labels Descriptions
  • ?
    Currently is not available
  • Meet the criteria
  • Doesn't meet the criteria
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