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Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters and theirs impact on bacterial multi-drug resistance: A review

Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters and theirs impact on bacterial multi-drug resistance: A review R510p

Hospitals use large varieties of substances for medical purposes such as in diagnostics, research and upkeep of care materials. Diagnostic materials/substances, disinfectants, and excreted non-metabolized pharmaceuticals by patients, reach the wastewater. This form of elimination may generate risks for aquatic organisms, emergence of antibiotic resistance, and human health problems. The aim of this study was to synthesize the contribution of liquid hospital effluents to the fragility of health in general and the emergence of bacterial resistance in particular. The data were collected from science’s data base using keywords. The results showed that; The heavy metal residues in these effluents and their bacterial selection mechanism reduce biodiversity, increase the vulnerability of urban and peri-urban populations, and promote the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. The threat is particularly worrying with the advent of resistance to the beta-lactams. Intervention strategies must be integrated and targeted at those primarily responsible for the management of hospital liquid effluents and the systems for handling these effluents.

Hospitals This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :exploit
use
 large varieties of substances for medical purposes such as in diagnostics, research and upkeep of care materials. Diagnostic materials/substances, disinfectants, and excreted non-metabolized pharmaceuticals by patients, reach the wastewater. This form of elimination may generate This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :hazardsdangers
risks
 for aquatic organisms, emergence of antibiotic resistance, and human health problems. The aim of this study was to synthesize the contribution of liquid hospital You use this word too often, consider replacing it withdischarge
effluents
 to the fragility of health in general
 and the emergence of bacterial resistance in particular
. The data were collected
 from science’s data base using keywords. Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Consider rewording the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
The
 results This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :demonstratedportrayedindicateddisplayed
showed
 that; The heavy metal residues in these You use this word too often, consider replacing it withdischarge
effluents
 and their bacterial selection mechanism This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :alleviate
reduce
 biodiversity, increase the vulnerability of urban and Possible spelling mistake found.
peri-urban
 populations, and promote the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Consider rewording the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
The
 threat is particularly
 worrying with the advent of resistance to the Possible spelling mistake found.
beta-lactams
. Intervention strategies This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :require
must
be integrated
 and targeted at those primarily
 responsible for the management of hospital liquid You use this word too often, consider replacing it withdischarge
effluents
 and the systems for handling these You use this word too often, consider replacing it withdischarge
effluents
. 