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Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography Versus Computed Tomography for Ureteric Calculi Among the Adult Patients Visiting Mayo Hospital Lahore

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography Versus Computed Tomography for Ureteric Calculi Among the Adult Patients Visiting Mayo Hospital Lahore dp8V6
Background: Uretric calculi was most commonly found associated with ureteric colic. It occurs due to low fluid intake, frequent urinary tract infections and medicines that may crystallize within the urine. Ureteric calculi are mostly composed of calcium which crystallizes in the kidney and moves down to ureter causing obstruction. The prevalence of ureteric colic is increasing everyday. Over-utilization of Computed tomography is a growing health concern because of the used of high radiation in computed tomography. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus computed tomography for ureteric calculi among the adult patients visiting Mayo hospital Lahore. Methods: This Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Radiology in Mayo hospital Lahore. All patients with ureteric colic (as per operational definition) and with suspicion of ureteric calculus were included. The ct-scan machine of Hitachi (164 slices) and Ultrasound machine Siemens was used to performing this research to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus computed tomography for ureteric calculi among the adult patients. Ureteric stones were diagnosed on a trans-Abdominal scan by using of 5MHz frequency. Results: Total 78 patients with sign and symptoms of ureteric calculi were imaged with ultrasonography and computed tomography, among them ureteric calculi were found in 25 (34. 2%) patients with ultrasound. Ureteric calculi were found in 52(71. 2%) with computed tomography scanning. The individuals of 17-75 years were mainly involved while most of them were male patients. We observed that, computed tomography scanning is batter to diagnose ureteric calculi as compared to ultrasonography. Ureteric stone is a kidney stone mostly small that normally moves down into the ureterusually composed of undissolved mineral and can easily be stuck in a narrow part of the ureter and leads to the obstruction at any point from the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) toureterovesical junction (UVJ). These are a subset of the broader topic of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is common in patients who present with hematuria and/or acute pain located in the flank areai. Acute ureteric colic is one of the worst pain a patient ever experiences in his/her lifeii. It is estimated that up to 6% of women will experience one or more renal calculi episodes in their lives with a recurrence rate of 50%. One in four patients with renal calculi has a family history of renal calculi a situation that multiplies the risk of lithiasis by threeiii. Men are more commonly affected than womeniv. These patients require periodic imaging studies to monitor the stone position and to assess for hydronephrosis. There is high variability in determining the choice of imaging protocols to observe the progression of ureteral calculi for following upv. Protocols guiding imaging use in the management of ureteral calculus disease are desirable because of the potentially harmful cumulative effects of radiation exposure to patients and the increased cost of high-resolution axial imaging moralities vi. Computed tomography (CT) has become the primary imaging modality for evaluating acute flank pain and suspected renal stone diseasevii. Because of its high sensitivity (95-97 %) and specificity (96-100 %) for urinary tract calculi detectionviii. CT is of particular value for detecting ureteral calculi, which often are not visualized with other imaging modalitiesix. However, CT entails exposure to ionizing radiation with attendant long term cancer risk, 4-7 is associated with a high rate of incidental findings that can lead to inappropriate follow-up referral and treatmentx. Although computed tomography (CT) has gained widespread acceptance as the prime investigation having several advantages over other imaging techniques (X-Ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging) xi. Ultrasonography (USG) can serve as an alternate for initial screening in the patientsxii. Ultrasound (US) is pain relief. Ultrasound (US) has limited diagnostic value in the assessment of patients with suspected renal stones even when performed by experienced hands particularly in the evaluation of distal ureteric calcul. It can easily identify the stones located in the pyeloureteric and vesicoureteric junctions(VUJ), as well as the complications caused by stones such dilatation of pelvicalyceal system and / or ureter proximal to obstruction and infectionsxiii. Medium and large renal lithiasis (> 5mm) can be easily detected with 2D ultrasonography due to the different echogenicity with the adjacent parenchyma and the posterior acoustic shadowingxiv. Ultrasound accuracy could also be lower in specific patient subgroups, such as in obese patients, women, and in specific age groups, especially women of reproductive age x
Background:
Possible spelling mistake found.
Uretric
calculi was most
commonly
found associated with ureteric colic. It occurs due to low fluid

intake, frequent urinary tract infections and medicines that may crystallize within the urine. Ureteric calculi are

mostly
composed of calcium which crystallizes in the kidney and
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
moves
down to ureter causing obstruction. The

prevalence of ureteric colic is increasing
'Everyday' is an adjective. Did you mean "every day"?
everyday
. Over-utilization of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
Computed
tomography is a growing

health concern
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of the
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
of high radiation in
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
computed
tomography. Objective: To determine the

diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
computed
tomography for ureteric calculi among the adult

patients visiting Mayo hospital Lahore. Methods: This Cross-sectional descriptive study
was conducted
in the

Department of Radiology in Mayo hospital Lahore. All
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
with ureteric colic (as per operational definition)

and with suspicion of ureteric calculus
were included
. The ct-scan machine of Hitachi (164 slices) and

Ultrasound machine Siemens was
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
to performing this research to determine the diagnostic accuracy of

ultrasonography versus
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
computed
tomography for ureteric calculi among the adult
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
. Ureteric
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stones
were diagnosed
on a trans-Abdominal scan by using of 5MHz frequency. Results: Total 78
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
with
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
sign
and

symptoms of ureteric calculi
were imaged
with ultrasonography and
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
computed
tomography, among them ureteric

calculi
were found
in 25 (34. 2%)
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
with ultrasound. Ureteric calculi
were found
in 52(71. 2%) with

computed tomography scanning. The individuals of 17-75 years were
mainly
involved while most of them were

male
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
. We observed that,
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
computed
tomography scanning is batter to diagnose ureteric calculi as

compared to ultrasonography. Ureteric
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stone
is a kidney
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stone
mostly
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
small
that
normally
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
moves
down into the
Possible spelling mistake found.
ureterusually
composed of

undissolved mineral and can
easily
be stuck
in a narrow part of the ureter and leads to the obstruction at any

point from the
Possible spelling mistake found.
ureteropelvic
junction (
Possible spelling mistake found.
UPJ
)
Possible spelling mistake found.
toureterovesical
junction (
Possible spelling mistake found.
UVJ
). These are a subset of the broader

topic of
Possible spelling mistake found.
urolithiasis
.
Possible spelling mistake found.
Urolithiasis
is common in
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
who present with hematuria and/or acute pain located in

the flank
Possible spelling mistake found.
areai
. Acute ureteric colic is one of the worst pain a
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patient
ever experiences in his/her
Possible spelling mistake found.
lifeii
. It
is estimated
that up to 6% of women will experience one or more renal calculi episodes in their
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
lives
with a

recurrence rate of 50%. One in four
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
with renal calculi has a family history of renal calculi a situation

that multiplies the
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
risk
of
Possible spelling mistake found.
lithiasis
by
Possible spelling mistake found.
threeiii
.
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
Men
are more
commonly
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
affected
than
Possible spelling mistake found.
womeniv
. These patients

require periodic
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
studies to monitor the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stone
position and to assess for
Possible spelling mistake found.
hydronephrosis
. There is high

variability in determining the choice of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
protocols to observe the progression of
Possible spelling mistake found.
ureteral
calculi for

following
Possible spelling mistake found.
upv
. Protocols guiding
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
use
in the management of
Possible spelling mistake found.
ureteral
calculus disease are desirable

This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of the
potentially
harmful cumulative effects of radiation exposure to
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
and the increased cost of

high-resolution axial
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
moralities vi.

Computed tomography (CT) has become the primary
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
modality for evaluating acute flank pain and

suspected renal
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stone
Possible spelling mistake found.
diseasevii
.
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
Because
of its high sensitivity (95-97 %) and specificity (96-100 %) for urinary

tract calculi
Possible spelling mistake found.
detectionviii
. CT is of particular value for detecting
Possible spelling mistake found.
ureteral
calculi, which
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
often
are not visualized

with other
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
Possible spelling mistake found.
modalitiesix
.

However
, CT entails exposure to ionizing radiation with attendant long term cancer
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
risk
, 4-7
is associated
with a

high rate of incidental findings that can lead to inappropriate follow-up referral and
Possible spelling mistake found.
treatmentx
. Although

computed tomography (CT) has gained widespread acceptance as the prime investigation having several

advantages over other
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
imaging
techniques (X-Ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
Imaging)
xi.

Ultrasonography (USG) can serve as an alternate for initial screening in the
Possible spelling mistake found.
patientsxii
. Ultrasound (US) is pain

relief. Ultrasound (US) has limited diagnostic value in the assessment of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
with suspected renal stones

even when performed by experienced hands
particularly
in the evaluation of distal ureteric
Possible spelling mistake found.
calcul
. It can
easily


identify the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stones
located in the
Possible spelling mistake found.
pyeloureteric
and
Possible spelling mistake found.
vesicoureteric
junctions(
Possible spelling mistake found.
VUJ
),
as well
as the complications

caused by
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stones
such dilatation of
Possible spelling mistake found.
pelvicalyceal
system and / or ureter proximal to obstruction and
Possible spelling mistake found.
infectionsxiii
.

Medium and large renal
Possible spelling mistake found.
lithiasis
(>
Insert a space between the numerical value and the unit symbol "5 mm"
5mm
) can be
easily
detected with 2D ultrasonography due to the
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
different


echogenicity with the adjacent
Possible spelling mistake found.
parenchyma
and the posterior acoustic
Possible spelling mistake found.
shadowingxiv
. Ultrasound accuracy could

also
be lower in specific
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patient
subgroups, such as in obese
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
patients
, women, and in specific age groups,

especially
women of reproductive age x
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IELTS essay Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography Versus Computed Tomography for Ureteric Calculi Among the Adult Patients Visiting Mayo Hospital Lahore

Essay
  American English
6 paragraphs
716 words
5.5
Overall Band Score
Coherence and Cohesion: 5.5
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Grammatical Range: 6.5
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