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The Muskingum scheme is one of the most popular and widely used methods in flood routing

The Muskingum scheme is one of the most popular and widely used methods in flood routing bQeWl
The Muskingum scheme is one of the most popular and widely used methods in flood routing. The usual procedure in using this model is to optimize the parameters that represent physical characteristic of river. These parameters are gained from the upstream and downstream historical data and used to estimate the downstream hydrograph without any updating kernel. Improved method which is coupled with updating kernel like transfer function method needs upstream hydrograph (as Muskingum input) to predict downstream hydrograph while upstream flood data is not available at same time. Predicting the upstream hydrograph as the model input in the prediction period, causes the difference between the structure of this hydrograph and the upstream hydrograph in the calibration period. as a result, the optimized parameters in the calibration period do not provide proper performance in the prediction period. In this research, instead of using the observed upstream hydrograph in the calibration period, the predicted upstream hydrograph in the calibration period is used to optimize the parameters. In the light of this, parameters obtained via genetic algorithm provide better performance for predicting downstream hydrographs. This process lead to unify the structure of the upstream hydrographs in the calibration and forecast period. Also in this paper, constant parameter Muskingum stage (CPMS method) is presented and the performance of combining CPMS with transfer function method has been investigated and compared with the results obtained by combining Saint-Venant equation with transfer function method. The mentioned structural modifications show the improvement of downstream flood prediction which is applied by Muskingum model.
The
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Muskingum
scheme is one of the most popular and
widely
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used
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methods
in flood routing. The usual procedure in using this model is to optimize the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
parameters
that represent physical characteristic of river. These
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
parameters
are gained
from the
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upstream
and
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downstream
historical data and
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
to estimate the
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downstream
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hydrograph
without any updating kernel.
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Improved
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method
which
is coupled
with updating kernel like transfer function
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method
needs
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upstream
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hydrograph
(as
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Muskingum
input) to predict
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downstream
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hydrograph
while
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upstream
flood data is not available at same time. Predicting the
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upstream
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hydrograph
as the model input in the prediction
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period
, causes the difference between the structure of this
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hydrograph
and the
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upstream
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hydrograph
in the
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calibration
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period
.
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as
a result, the optimized
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parameters
in the
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calibration
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period
do not provide proper performance in the prediction
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period
. In this research,
instead
of using the observed
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upstream
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hydrograph
in the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
calibration
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period
, the predicted
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upstream
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hydrograph
in the
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calibration
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period
is
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used
to optimize the
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parameters
. In the light of this,
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parameters
obtained via genetic algorithm provide better performance for predicting
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
downstream
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hydrographs
. This process lead to unify the structure of the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
upstream
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hydrographs
in the
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calibration
and forecast
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period
.
Also
in this paper, constant
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parameter
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Muskingum
stage (
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CPMS
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method)
is presented
and the performance of combining
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CPMS
with transfer function
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method
has
been investigated
and compared with the results obtained by combining
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Saint-Venant
equation with transfer function
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method
. The mentioned structural modifications
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show
the improvement of
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downstream
flood prediction which
is applied
by
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Muskingum
model.
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IELTS essay The Muskingum scheme is one of the most popular and widely used methods in flood routing

Essay
  American English
1 paragraphs
254 words
5.5
Overall Band Score
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