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The Effect of Heat Input of GTAW Process on the Microstructure of the Heat Affected Zone in AISI D2 tool steel

The Effect of Heat Input of GTAW Process on the Microstructure of the Heat Affected Zone in AISI D2 tool steel xxqN9
AISI D2 is the most commonly used high-carbon and high-chromium cold-work tool steel. It has many attractive properties such as high wear resistance, high compressive strength, and high hardness after hardening which can be an advantage for a variety of industrial applications such as mill rolls, blanking dies, and punches. The steels of this group are considered as the most alloy steels [1]. Although these steels have the same chemical composition as stainless steels because of their high chromium contents they are prone to corrosion cause of the lower percentage of nickel than stainless steels[2]. Furthermore, they have higher hardness compared to stainless steel given their high percentage of carbon [1]. These steels are usually subject to heavy loads and abrasion. Surface defects because of wear, corrosion, and other degradation mechanisms will make these expensive tools leave the production cycle and impose heavy costs on industries. These steels obtain desirable abrasion properties from the presence of large values of carbon, chromium, and other alloying elements such as vanadium and molybdenum. however, the existence of these alloying elements in steel increases the hardness because of carbide formation that besides the advantages makes this steel weak in welding. The existence of large-scale cold cracks for these steels and the loss of dimensional accuracy are among the reported problems in welding parts made of this type of steel [3]. Preheating is necessary for welding these steels and it causes of reduces the thermal gradient between the weld zone and the heat affected zone, thereby reducing cracking, hardness and residual stresses in the HAZ are affected by reducing the cooling rate. Moreover, it prevents high heat shock due to welding [4]. Input heat is one of the most important welding parameters and the most effective element on the width and coarseness of the HAZ. Any change in this factor directly affects the HAZ. The input heat affects the grain growth in the area near the melting line. Moreover, the structure of the grains affects the strength, toughness, flexibility, and corrosion resistance of the alloy. Welding leads to internal stresses in the part that can be destructive and have adverse effects on the performance of the part. These internal stresses could result in warping, cracking (dimensional distortion), and even breaking of the part at stresses much lower than the stresses that the part is designed to withstand. PWHT increases the life of the part and its strength by eliminating or reducing internal stresses and reducing stiffness [5]. Thus, a correct understanding of the effects of input heat on the microstructure and properties of welded specimens is important. By observing the principles of heat treatment and performing pre-heating and post-heat at the proper temperature and welding with controlled heat and precise control of all welding parameters and variables, a good weld can be reached.
Possible spelling mistake found.
AISI
D2 is the most
commonly
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
high-carbon and high-chromium
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
cold
-work tool
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steel
. It has
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
many
attractive properties such as
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
high
wear resistance,
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
high
compressive strength, and
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
high
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
hardness
after hardening which can be an advantage for a variety of industrial applications such as mill rolls, blanking
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
dies
, and punches. The
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
of this group
are considered
as the most alloy
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
[1]. Although these
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
have the same chemical composition as stainless
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of their
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
high
chromium contents they are prone to corrosion cause of the lower percentage of nickel than stainless
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels[2]
.
Furthermore
, they have higher
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
hardness
compared to stainless
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steel
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
given
their
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
high
percentage of carbon [1]. These
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
are
usually
subject to heavy loads and abrasion. Surface defects
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of wear, corrosion, and other degradation mechanisms will
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
make
these expensive tools
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
leave
the production cycle and impose heavy costs on industries. These
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
obtain desirable abrasion properties from the presence of large values of carbon, chromium, and other alloying elements such as vanadium and molybdenum.
This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
however
, the existence of these alloying elements in
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steel
increases the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
hardness
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of carbide formation that
besides
the advantages
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
makes
this
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steel
weak in welding. The existence of large-scale
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
cold
cracks for these
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
and the loss of dimensional accuracy are among the reported problems in welding
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
parts
made of this type of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steel
[3]. Preheating is necessary for welding these
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
steels
and it causes of
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
reduces
the thermal gradient between the weld zone and the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
affected
zone, thereby reducing cracking,
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
hardness
and residual
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stresses
in the
Possible spelling mistake found.
HAZ
are
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
affected
by reducing the cooling rate.
Moreover
, it
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
prevents
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
high
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
shock due to welding [4]. Input
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
is one of the most
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
important
welding parameters and the most effective element on the width and coarseness of the
Possible spelling mistake found.
HAZ
. Any
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
change
in this factor
directly
affects the
Possible spelling mistake found.
HAZ
. The input
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
affects the grain growth in the area near the melting line.
Moreover
, the structure of the grains affects the strength, toughness, flexibility, and corrosion resistance of the alloy. Welding leads to internal
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stresses
in the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
part
that can be destructive and have adverse effects on the performance of the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
part
. These internal
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stresses
could result in warping, cracking (dimensional distortion), and even breaking of the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
part
at
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stresses
much lower than the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stresses
that the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
part
is designed
to withstand.
Possible spelling mistake found.
PWHT
increases the life of the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
part
and its strength by eliminating or reducing internal
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
stresses
and reducing stiffness [5].
Thus
, a correct understanding of the effects of input
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
on the microstructure and properties of welded specimens is
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
important
. By observing the principles of
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
treatment and performing
Possible spelling mistake found.
pre-heating
and post-heat at the proper temperature and welding with controlled
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
heat
and precise control of all welding parameters and variables, a
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
good
weld can
be reached
.
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IELTS essay The Effect of Heat Input of GTAW Process on the Microstructure of the Heat Affected Zone in AISI D2 tool steel

Essay
  American English
1 paragraphs
468 words
5.5
Overall Band Score
Coherence and Cohesion: 5.5
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Lexical Resource: 5.0
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Grammatical Range: 6.5
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Task Achievement: 5.0
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