summarize the points made in the lecture about applications of rounded stones discovered in ancient places, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on various hypothesis made in the passage about them.

The reading explains different theories proposed about the application of carved and ball-shaped rounded stones. However, the professor in the lecture opposes with these arguments and gives three reasons to refute each of the hypothesized assumptions in the reading. First, the article mentions that these carved stones could have been used as different kinds of weapons for hunting or fighting purposes. But, she disagrees with this idea and finds it unconvincing, since the stones extracted from specific places generally showed several cracks and fragments which are in contrast with their original desired application as strong batteling tools. Second, the passage argues that they may be occasionally applied as measuring equipment in those periods due to their unique smooth shape. In contrary, professor insists that logically they can not be considered for this application, because these stones were mostly made of various sources like sands and other materials. So, they definatelly varied in densities and can not be accurately implemented as measuring tools. Third, the reading discusses that these round stones might have had some social values in those eras. On the other hand, professor reminds that if these stones were presious and important they must have been found in the ancient graves where people buried dead bodies along side their valuable things like jewlary. Thus, this fact shows clearly that these stones can not have any social importance for people of that period.