Who pays for healthcare? The answer varies from country to country. While in some nations it is completely free for all residents, in others you can only see a doctor if you pay. This essay will identify three main models of healthcare throughout the world, noting some advantages and disadvantages.
First, there are several systems within this model, but they all aim to provide free basic healthcare. In some countries, consultations, treatment and medicines are free to all citizens. This may be paid for directly by the government, perhaps funded by the country’s valuable natural resources which the government owns. Other countries collect money from citizens through taxes based on their income. Workers pay according to how much they earn and employers also make a contribution. Hospitals and other medical services are then provided and run by the government. There may also be some private medical services that people can choose to buy. The advantage of systems such as these is clear: free basic healthcare for all, regardless of income. However, it is a very expensive system and, as life expectancy and costs rise, many countries are facing either an unsustainable financial burden, or a drop in the quality of services and facilities provided.
Secondly, in the private model, healthcare is only available to patients who pay for it and healthcare providers are commercial companies. In wealthier countries, most citizens take out health insurance to cover their potential medical costs. However, not everyone can afford this, and some governments have a scheme which gives financial assistance to those who need urgent medical care but are unable to afford it. In other nations, there is no such safety net, and those who cannot pay simply do not get the healthcare they need, unless they can get help. The disadvantages of this system are obvious: not only are individuals deprived of the medical attention they need, but also the lack of preventative medicine means that infectious diseases can quickly spread. One advantage, however, is that a higher quality of care provision can sometimes be maintained by commercial organizations than by struggling government-funded ones.
In many countries, there is a mix of public and private funding. This system requires all its citizens to take out health insurance. This is deducted from salaries by the employer, who also has to make a contribution for each worker. Citizens are able to choose their healthcare providers, which may be public or private. However, in some systems, private companies are not permitted to make a profit from providing basic healthcare. This model provides more flexibility than either the public or private models, and ensures access to healthcare for all. However, it has been criticized for driving up labour costs, which can lead to unemployment.
This essay has examined three models of healthcare provision and some advantages and disadvantages of each. As no system is perfect, several countries are now considering a combination of the models for their national health arrangement. The challenge is to find a structure which provides a good level of healthcare to all citizens, but which is also affordable and practical.
Who
pays
for healthcare? The answer varies from
country
to
country
. While in
some
nations it is completely
free
for all residents, in others you can
only
see
a doctor if you
pay
. This essay will identify three main
models
of healthcare throughout the world, noting
some
advantages
and disadvantages.
First
, there are several
systems
within this
model
,
but
they all aim to provide
free
basic healthcare. In
some
countries
, consultations, treatment and medicines are
free
to all
citizens
. This may
be paid
for
directly
by the
government
, perhaps funded by the
country’s
valuable natural resources which the
government
owns
.
Other
countries
collect money from
citizens
through taxes based on their income. Workers
pay
according to how much they earn and employers
also
make
a contribution. Hospitals and
other
medical
services are then provided and run by the
government
. There may
also
be
some
private
medical
services that
people
can choose to
buy
. The
advantage
of
systems
such as
these is
clear
:
free
basic healthcare for all, regardless of income.
However
, it is a
very
expensive
system
and, as life expectancy and costs rise,
many
countries
are facing either an unsustainable financial burden, or a drop in the quality of services and facilities provided.
Secondly
, in the
private
model
, healthcare is
only
available to patients
who
pay
for it and healthcare providers are commercial
companies
. In wealthier
countries
, most
citizens
take out health insurance to cover their potential
medical
costs.
However
, not everyone can afford this, and
some
governments
have a scheme which gives financial assistance to those
who
need urgent
medical
care
but
are unable to afford it. In
other
nations, there is no such safety net, and those
who
cannot
pay
simply
do not
get
the healthcare they need, unless they can
get
help
. The disadvantages of this
system
are obvious: not
only
are individuals deprived of the
medical
attention they need,
but
also
the lack of preventative medicine means that infectious diseases can
quickly
spread. One
advantage
,
however
, is that a higher quality of care provision can
sometimes
be maintained
by commercial organizations than by struggling
government
-funded ones.
In
many
countries
, there is a mix of public and
private
funding. This
system
requires all its
citizens
to take out health insurance. This
is deducted
from salaries by the employer,
who
also
has to
make
a contribution for each worker.
Citizens
are able to choose their healthcare providers, which may be public or
private
.
However
, in
some
systems
,
private
companies
are not permitted to
make
a profit from providing basic healthcare. This
model
provides more flexibility than either the public or
private
models
, and ensures access to healthcare for all.
However
, it has
been criticized
for driving up
labour
costs, which can lead to unemployment.
This essay has examined three
models
of healthcare provision and
some
advantages
and disadvantages of each. As no
system
is perfect, several
countries
are
now
considering a combination of the
models
for their national health arrangement. The challenge is to find a structure which provides a
good
level of healthcare to all
citizens
,
but
which is
also
affordable and practical.