Positive impact of AI and robotics in society

With the haste advancement of technology, people are approaching the fourth industrial revolution. It builds on the digital technology from the third revolution to a whole new level and provides a more holistic approach to manufacturing. Artificial intelligence and robotics are among the vital factor that is a breakthrough in this era. There is no standard definition for Artificial Intelligence, however, the term “Artificial Intelligence” was proposed by John McCarthy in 1959 seems to be the most reliable. According to McCarthy (2004, p. 2), AI defines as “the science and engineering of creating intelligent machines”. Today, his description is still valid and broadly used. It can assert that AI and robotics have numerous advantages for society. In case of substantiating this statement, the paper will elaborate on the positive impacts of AI and robotics via three features, including productivity, marketing, and education. First and foremost, Artificial Intelligence and robotics will be brilliant assistants to help firms raise productivity. While human workers have essential demands in their life such as eating, sleeping, rest time, or holidays, robots do not need them. As a result, it not only pushes the work progress faster but also increases the product quantities. Robots can assemble tiny sophisticated devices and components greater than humans. Because of being preprogrammed, it will manufacture products that are entirely molded and rarely encounter technical negligence. According to AI Index (2021), the error rate of image classification has reduced from around 15% in 2013 to nearly 1% in 2020. Likewise, human workers were shown 500 photographs and were asked to annotate 1, 500 test images, and their result was 5. 1%. By this examination, it demonstrated that AI and robotics perform better than humans. In addition, the AI system optimizes production operations through monitoring quantities used, cycle time, errors, and downtime. Therefore, firms, especially in the manufacturing industries, will exceedingly improve work efficiency and increase the number of goods. By contrast, some individuals claim that total factor productivity (TFP) is still stagnant, although they have applied AI and robotics. An abundance of firms invests tremendous money to improve their productivity but is it worth investing tons of funds? According to Fleming (2018), robots will not steal human jobs because of the more affordable labor pricing. He points out that the capital and maintenance costs in AI equipment are considerable. Instead of AI and robotics, businesses should rather rely on human resources. Nevertheless, AI technology is still in its early stages that the cost can be expensive, but soon it will be more affordable, or even the benefits it provides will outweigh the expense. Thus, investing in AI can promote work performance also the quality and uniformity of products. Besides, AI has propelled the rapid evolution of marketing which made it simpler to reach out to customers. The crucial element that makes digital marketing more effective is big data. It uses technology to analyze raw data from numerous resources. According to Dr. Chandrakhanthan et al. (2020), big data will value marketers by ensuring their message will send to the right customers. Additionally, it helps marketers better understand where their customers spend their time, devote more resources, and budget through their online behavior. Those factors can help marketers design better pieces that continue to catch the attention of customers. Google and Facebook, as an example, are linking to each other and third parties, so that when individuals search for a product on Google, it is feasible to view related ads on Facebook. Despite that, many people try to refute the positive impacts of AI and robotics. Typically, brands run marketing with Facebook ads, google ads, and others. AI will suggest ads for similar products when customers are searching for any products as their demand. Thereby it prompts them to buy more items, even those products are unnecessary. Repetitively, it will change the preferences, habits, and buying behavior of consumers. More seriously, customers may lose their self-identity without a perception of this issue. Pelau et al. (2021) expressed the concern that the higher level of efficiency and fascination toward AI, the lower perception of losing a self-identity. Notwithstanding, in recent years, there have been policies to protect consumers. BEUC has stated in a position paper about regulating AI to protect the consumers in 2021. One of the prohibited AI practices is engaging “subliminal techniques beyond a person’s consciousness to materially distort a person’s behavior in a manner that causes or is likely to cause that person or another person physical or psychological harm”. They suggested that the application of this provision should not only on AI harm to physical and psychological of humans but also in the economic issue. By the positive contributions of consumers, it will positively reduce problems soon. As a result, AI will be increasingly developed for and adapted to the environment. Finally, numerous applications are implementing AI developed to alter and enhance the education field. A typical primary, secondary, and high school lesson in Vietnam lasts 45 minutes and has 35 to 45 students, but there is only one teacher. Therefore, teachers cannot wholly control the class and solve each problem per student. Had it been for the support from AI, things would have been more convenient. MATHia, for instance, is an intelligent math software developed by Carnegie Mellon University. This application, which provides each student with a personal math coach, helps the students understand their learning deeper with the combination of cognitive and learning science, practical instruction, and research. Another is Duolingo – an application for studying English. Marr (2020) highlighted three features that make Duolingo successful in his paper. First, it applies an AI-driven placement test to assess the initial English level of learners to choose the suitable course. The second feature is spaced repetition, known as the most crucial feature of Duolingo, which provides personalized language lessons in the long term to avoid cramming lessons in the short term. Last, Duolingo utilizes AI algorithms to predict the right time to remind users to review and learn new words. Additionally, the lecturers can also use AI in their teaching. Plagiarism is considered a grave academic error. It can waste them a long time to check for this mistake with no effectiveness. But thanks to apps like Turnitin, which automatically scans student writing and checks for plagiarism, this problem is solved. It optimizes plagiarism check time so that teachers can spend more time instructing students. It is often argued that Artificial Intelligence cannot replace a human teacher because it can hardly interact with students. Especially hyperactive children, it is difficult for AI to get the attention and concentration of those students in the lecture. Admittedly, AI cannot replace human teachers, yet, AI will become a great tool or tutor in the education section. Because teachers cannot be available for students all the time, tutors are needed. Working with an AI tutor can help students get help every time they have trouble with their assignments. Although it is still having some inadequacies, it should be approved that the bulk of the evidence lies to support AI. Ultimately, Artificial Intelligence has a colossal favorable influence on three societal sectors, respectively productivity, marketing, and education. In terms of productivity, manipulation AI will boost efficiency and eliminate unexpected industrial carelessness. Second, big data enables marketers to get customer intelligence and contact customers more simply. Finally, Artificial Intelligence has numerous applications in education fields for lecturers also students, such as learning English, Math, or detecting plagiarism. It is undeniable that AI still has certain deficiencies, but those can be solved soon because of the advancement of technology, which will also deliver additional valuable applications. Considering the three elements touched by AI and robots, it is recommended that AI be employed further in education, as a learning helper, due to its massive advantages. As complementary components, it could be asserted that AI and robots will contribute to a more outstanding quality of life for humans. REFERENCES: Ene, I, Pelau, C, and Pop, M, I 2021, ‘The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Consumers’ Identity and Human Skills’ The Amfiteatru Economic journal, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, vol. 23, no. 56, pp. 33–45, viewed 23 October 2021, DOI: 10. 24818/EA/2021/56/33. Fleming, P 2018, ‘Robots and Organization Studies: Why Robots Might Not Want to Steal Your Job’, Organization Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 23–38, viewed 23 October 2021, SAGE Publications, DOI: 10. 1177/0170840618765568. Kavya, G, Hariharan, B, and Chandrakhanthan J 2020, ‘Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing’, Test Engineering and Management, vol. 83, Issue July – August 2020, pp. 104-109, viewed 30 October 2021, Mattingley Publishing Co. Inc, DOI: 10. 13140/RG. 2. 2. 17946. 36802. 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