The era we live in has been given many names. Millennium age, space-age, computer age or technology age. However, especially after the industrial revolution, a period that we can call the "oil age" has emerged. Petroleum is a product used directly or indirectly in the production of a wide variety of products, from giant machines to toothpaste. It is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon-based substance (Speight and Özüm, 2001). An energy source is needed to operate in the industry, service or agriculture sectors. According to Gözen (2017), fossil fuels provide a significant portion of the energy needed after the Industrial Revolution. It is reported that fossil fuels met 76% of the energy need in the early 1970s and approximately 66% in the 2010s, and is still the most important energy source today (Nuryartono & Rifai 2017; Bimanatya & Widodo 2018). Ritchie and Roser (2020) state that fossil fuels such as oil and coal provide 84% of primary energy. According to British Petroleum (BP) statistics, oil is the most widely used primary energy source accounting for approximately 31% of total consumption (BP Statistical World Energy Review 2021). Figure 1 shows the consumption of fossil fuels as a primary energy source from past to present.
The era we
live
in has been
given
many
names. Millennium
age
, space-age, computer
age
or technology
age
.
However
,
especially
after the industrial revolution, a period that we can call the
"
oil age
"
has emerged. Petroleum is a product
used
directly
or
indirectly
in the production of a wide variety of products, from giant machines to toothpaste. It is a
naturally
occurring hydrocarbon-based substance (
Speight
and
Özüm
, 2001). An
energy
source
is needed
to operate in the industry, service or agriculture sectors. According to
Gözen
(2017),
fossil
fuels
provide a significant portion of the
energy
needed after the Industrial Revolution. It
is reported
that
fossil
fuels
met 76% of the
energy
need in the early 1970s and approximately 66% in the 2010s, and is
still
the most
important
energy
source
today
(
Nuryartono
&
Rifai
2017;
Bimanatya
&
Widodo
2018). Ritchie and
Roser
(2020) state that
fossil
fuels
such as oil and coal provide 84% of primary
energy
. According to British Petroleum (BP) statistics, oil is the most
widely
used
primary
energy
source
accounting for approximately 31% of total consumption (BP Statistical World
Energy
Review 2021). Figure 1
shows
the consumption of
fossil
fuels
as a primary
energy
source
from past to present.