Controversy sometimes surrounds the prices and quantities established by demand and supply, especially for products that are considered necessities. In some cases, discontent over prices turns into public pressure on politicians, who may then pass legislation to prevent a certain price from climbing “too high” or falling “too low”.
Economists can predict how people and firms will react to laws that control price by using the demand and supply model—by the end of this article, you'll be able to make these predictions as well!
Price ceilings
Laws enacted by the government to regulate prices are called price controls. Price controls come in two flavors. A price ceiling keeps a price from rising above a certain level—the “ceiling”. A price floor keeps a price from falling below a certain level—the “floor”.
We can use the demand and supply framework to understand price ceilings.
In many markets for goods and services, demanders outnumber suppliers. Consumers, who are also potential voters, sometimes unite to convince the government to hold down a certain price.
For example, when rents begin to rise rapidly in a city—perhaps due to rising incomes or a change in tastes—renters may press political leaders to pass rent control laws, a price ceiling that usually works by stating that rents can be raised by only a certain maximum percentage each year.
Controversy
sometimes
surrounds the
prices
and quantities established by demand and supply,
especially
for products that
are considered
necessities. In
some
cases, discontent over
prices
turns into public pressure on politicians, who may then pass legislation to
prevent
a
certain
price
from climbing “too high” or falling “too low”.
Economists can predict how
people
and firms will react to laws that
control
price
by using the demand and supply model—by the
end
of this article, you'll be able to
make
these predictions
as well
!
Price ceilings
Laws enacted by the
government
to regulate
prices
are called
price
controls
.
Price
controls
come
in two flavors. A
price
ceiling
keeps
a
price
from rising above a
certain
level—the “ceiling”. A
price
floor
keeps
a
price
from falling below a
certain
level—the “floor”.
We can
use
the demand and supply framework to understand
price
ceilings.
In
many
markets for
goods
and services, demanders outnumber suppliers. Consumers, who are
also
potential voters,
sometimes
unite to convince the
government
to hold down a
certain
price.
For example
, when rents
begin
to rise
rapidly
in a city—perhaps due to rising incomes or a
change
in tastes—renters may press political leaders to pass rent
control
laws, a
price
ceiling that
usually
works by stating that rents can
be raised
by
only
a
certain
maximum percentage each year.