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Commercial agency in Vietnam and the UK

Commercial agency in Vietnam and the UK J3kmE
As a company or firm become well-known to the public with their products or services, they would have to extend their reach not only to the market in their origin country, but also in foreign countries as well. Most companies engaged in internal trade make use of agents to represent oversea. Now while staying in your office you can easily enter a contract with a German agent to purchase goods, which are produced by a Singaporean manufacturer, and will be delivered to you by a Swedish transportation company. Globalization has made the world seems to be a smaller place, and this is an opportunity for intermediary business to grow rapidly, affecting the development of local market. The role of commercial agent is well known, they act as independent intermediaries represent their principal in a market, usually foreign market. A commercial agent is defined as “a self-employed intermediary who has continuing authority to negotiate the sale or purchase of goods on behalf of another person (the principal), or to negotiate and conclude such transactions on behalf of and in the name of that principal”. Commercial agent is define as: ‘commercial agent’ shall mean a self-employed intermediary who has continuing authority to negotiate the sale or the purchase of goods on behalf of another person, hereinafter called the ‘principal’, or to negotiate and conclude such transactions on behalf of and in the name of that principal. ( Council Directive 86/653/EEC of 18 December 1986). They do not buy products from their principals, but arrange sales directly from their principals to the customer. (Introduction to international English, page 66). Commercial agents are usually paid a commission on sales achieved, are not a party to the sales contract and are not a distributor, the commission calculated as a percentage of the sale of the product to the customer. The number of companies offering goods and services for cross-border trade using third party relationships as a distribution mechanism is growing increasingly. Today the distribution is growing in importance, only good merchandise, are not guarantee of success. The distribution is growing in difficulty, high saturation, fierce competitive markets are restricting the margin of freedom of action. The distribution must be optimized, lighter structures, market-oriented strategies and a favorable spending situation is vital. You can get a high quality distribution with a low cost if the functions of the distribution are outsourced with experts, and that’s where the role of the commercial agent comes into play. The Commercial Agent provides a systematic control of relationship management, something that is vital in ensuring the duration of the company’s contacts. The advantages for customers of working with commercial agents come among others because when working with several companies, they usually carry a wide variety of products from the same sector, so they can handle purchases more rationally with a small number of agents. Clients always have a competent interlocutor who they can contact quickly if problems arise. There are a few differences between the United Kingdom (UK) and Vietnam in terms of definition and function of commercial agent. First, in Vietnam the commercial agent is defined as follow: Commercial agency means a commercial activity whereby the principal and the agent agree that the agent, in its own name, sells or purchases goods for the principal or provides services of the principal to customers for remuneration. (Vietnam Commercial Law 2005). In the UK, the commercial agent only allowed to buys or sells goods on behalf of its principal, this does not mean it will capture an agent who provide services. In Vietnam however, the commercial agents are allowed to provide services to the customers. Next, in the UK it is not a legal requirement to have a written agency agreement in place, although it is often the case that a written agency agreement clarifies the rights, duties and obligations of both agent and principal, which assists in determining the contractual relationship between them, while in Vietnam agency contracts must be made in writing or in other forms of equivalent legal validity. (Article 168, Commercial Law 2005). Finally, according to the UK’s regulation, the commercial agents are allowed to negotiate in the name of the principal but the Regulations are unclear as to what would be captured by the word “negotiate”. There have been suggestions that this would not capture a pure marketing or referral agent who simply promotes the principal's products and refers any orders to the principal for negotiation and conclusion of the order; however this has largely been rejected by the courts. In the case of Vietnam, the commercial agent simply only permissioned to sells or purchases goods for the principal or provides services, not mentioning negotiation on behalf of the principle. After reviewing the few differences between the commercial agent in the UK and Vietnam, now I will mention about the advantages, benefits of commercial agent and why it is so important in international trade. Agents play a vital role in commercial activity. In general, commercial agents perform for more than one business. According to “CDH statistics 2018” agencies represent 4, 9 principals on average. In addition, the importance of foreign businesses has decreased a little bit in the recent years. Currently, nearly about half of the agencies act for at least one foreign business. Many commercial transactions in the field of commerce are conducted through agents who act as intermediaries and represent the interests of their principals in the conduct of the principal business. This is particularly advantageous in the Business to Business (B2B) sector in Germany, in which commercial agents and sales agents play a major role. They broker goods between companies at all levels of the economy – for example, between industry and trade, between industrial companies (e. g. , in the supply sector), or between wholesale and retail, and in almost all sectors. The turnover of goods brokered by commercial agencies in Germany amounts to almost 200 billion euros per year. Another advantage is that commercial agents bring their existing customers along with them. These are of crucial to commercial agents: The customer base is the capital they bring to the business relationship with the companies they represent. This means you won’t likely have to spend a large amount of time and effort to build up your own customer base in a foreign market using your own employees. In sectors in which a line card with the customer is usually required, that the sales agent is known by the customer can be the deciding factor toward overcoming this hurdle and becoming listed. Sales through commercial agents in external market offer many advantages and are a clever and often the better alternative to an in-house sales force. This is particularly true for relatively small companies and for companies that are not yet present in a foreign market. These companies in particular benefit from the market knowledge, customer contacts, cost advantages, additional services, and multiple lines sold by commercial agents. Commercial agency is of importance to Vietnam during the process of international economic intergration. The agencies can help Vietnamese companies to know more about a foreign market even from a far, can help many companies build up a new base of customer with less effort, this also can help reduced many unnecessary fees like marketing, employment… Trade relations with countries around the world will be increasingly consolidated for the benefit of both sides, trade plays a direct role in expanding local import and export activities, establishing and expanding relations. In addition, trade relations contribute to changing the perception of nations of Vietnam and help enhancing, consolidating Vietnam's position.
As a
company
or firm become well-known to the public with their
products
or
services
, they would
have to
extend their reach not
only
to the
market
in their origin country,
but
also
in
foreign
countries
as well
. Most
companies
engaged in internal
trade
make
use
of
agents
to
represent
oversea.
Now
while staying in your office you can
easily
enter a contract with a German
agent
to
purchase
goods
, which
are produced
by a Singaporean manufacturer, and will
be delivered
to you by a Swedish transportation
company
. Globalization has made the world seems to be a smaller place, and this is an opportunity for
intermediary
business
to grow
rapidly
, affecting the development of local market.

The
role
of
commercial
agent
is well known, they act as independent
intermediaries
represent
their
principal
in a
market
,
usually
foreign
market
. A
commercial
agent
is defined
as “a self-employed
intermediary
who
has continuing authority to
negotiate
the
sale
or
purchase
of
goods
on
behalf
of another person (the
principal)
, or to
negotiate
and conclude such transactions on
behalf
of and in the
name
of that
principal”
.
Commercial
agent
is
define
as:
‘commercial
agent’
shall
mean
a self-employed
intermediary
who
has continuing authority to
negotiate
the
sale
or the
purchase
of
goods
on
behalf
of another person, hereinafter called the
‘principal’
, or to
negotiate
and conclude such transactions on
behalf
of and in the
name
of that
principal
.
(
Council Directive 86/653/EEC of 18 December 1986). They do not
buy
products
from their
principals
,
but
arrange
sales
directly
from their
principals
to the
customer
. (Introduction to international English, page 66).
Commercial
agents
are
usually
paid a commission on
sales
achieved, are not a party to the
sales
contract and are not a distributor, the commission calculated as a percentage of the
sale
of the
product
to the
customer
. The number of
companies
offering
goods
and
services
for cross-border
trade
using third party
relationships
as a
distribution
mechanism is growing
increasingly
.
Today
the
distribution
is growing in importance,
only
good
merchandise, are not guarantee of success. The
distribution
is growing in difficulty, high saturation, fierce competitive markets are restricting the margin of freedom of action. The
distribution
must
be optimized
, lighter structures, market-oriented strategies and a favorable spending situation is vital. You can
get
a high quality
distribution
with a low cost if the functions of the
distribution
are outsourced
with experts, and that’s where the
role
of the
commercial
agent
comes
into
play
. The
Commercial
Agent
provides
a systematic control of
relationship
management, something
that is
vital in ensuring the duration of the
company’s
contacts. The
advantages
for
customers
of working with
commercial
agents
come
among others
because
when working with several
companies
, they
usually
carry a wide variety of
products
from the same
sector
,
so
they can handle
purchases
more
rationally
with a
small
number of
agents
. Clients always have a competent interlocutor
who
they can contact
quickly
if problems arise.

There are a few differences between the United Kingdom (UK) and Vietnam in terms of definition and function of
commercial
agent
.
First
, in Vietnam the
commercial
agent
is defined
as follow
:
Commercial
agency
means
a
commercial
activity whereby the
principal
and the
agent
agree
that the
agent
, in its
own
name
, sells or
purchases
goods
for the
principal
or
provides
services
of the
principal
to
customers
for remuneration. (Vietnam
Commercial
Law 2005). In the UK, the
commercial
agent
only
allowed
to
buys
or sells
goods
on
behalf
of its
principal
, this does not
mean
it will capture an
agent
who
provide
services
. In Vietnam
however
, the
commercial
agents
are
allowed
to
provide
services
to the
customers
.
Next
, in the UK it is not a legal requirement to have a written
agency
agreement in place, although it is
often
the case that a written
agency
agreement clarifies the rights, duties and obligations of both
agent
and
principal
, which assists in determining the contractual
relationship
between them, while in Vietnam
agency
contracts
must
be made
in writing or in other forms of equivalent legal validity. (Article 168,
Commercial
Law 2005).
Finally
, according to the UK’s regulation, the
commercial
agents
are
allowed
to
negotiate
in the
name
of the
principal
but
the Regulations are unclear as to what would
be captured
by the word
“negotiate”
. There have been suggestions that this would not capture a pure marketing or referral
agent
who
simply
promotes the principal's
products
and refers any orders to the
principal
for negotiation and conclusion of the order;
however
this has
largely
been rejected
by the courts. In the case of Vietnam, the
commercial
agent
simply
only
permissioned
to sells or
purchases
goods
for the
principal
or
provides
services
, not mentioning negotiation on
behalf
of the principle.

After reviewing the few differences between the
commercial
agent
in the UK and Vietnam,
now
I will
mention about the
advantages
, benefits of
commercial
agent
and why it is
so
important
in international
trade
.
Agents
play
a vital
role
in
commercial
activity.
In general
,
commercial
agents
perform for more than one
business
. According to “CDH statistics 2018”
agencies
represent
4, 9
principals
on average.
In addition
, the importance of
foreign
businesses
has decreased a
little bit
in the recent years.
Currently
,
nearly
about half of the
agencies
act for at least one
foreign
business
.
Many
commercial
transactions in the field of commerce
are conducted
through
agents
who
act as
intermediaries
and
represent
the interests of their
principals
in the conduct of the
principal
business
. This is
particularly
advantageous in the
Business
to
Business
(B2B)
sector
in Germany, in which
commercial
agents
and
sales
agents
play
a major
role
. They broker
goods
between
companies
at all levels of the economy
for example
, between industry and
trade
, between industrial
companies
(
e. g.
,
in the supply
sector)
, or between wholesale and retail, and in almost all
sectors
. The turnover of
goods
brokered by
commercial
agencies
in Germany amounts to almost 200 billion euros per year. Another
advantage
is that
commercial
agents
bring their existing
customers
along with them. These are of crucial to
commercial
agents
: The
customer
base is the capital they bring to the
business
relationship
with the
companies
they
represent
. This
means
you won’t likely
have to
spend a large amount of time and effort to build up your
own
customer
base in a
foreign
market
using your
own
employees. In
sectors
in which a line card with the
customer
is
usually
required, that the
sales
agent
is known
by the
customer
can be the deciding factor toward overcoming this hurdle and becoming listed.
Sales
through
commercial
agents
in external
market
offer
many
advantages
and are a clever and
often
the better alternative to an in-
house
sales
force. This is
particularly
true for
relatively
small
companies
and for
companies
that are not
yet
present in a
foreign
market
. These
companies
in particular
benefit from the
market
knowledge,
customer
contacts, cost
advantages
, additional
services
, and multiple lines sold by
commercial
agents
.
Commercial
agency
is of importance to Vietnam during the process of international economic
intergration
. The
agencies
can
help
Vietnamese
companies
to know more about a
foreign
market
even from a far, can
help
many
companies
build up a new base of
customer
with less effort, this
also
can
help
reduced
many
unnecessary fees like marketing, employment…
Trade
relations with countries around the world will be
increasingly
consolidated for the benefit of both sides,
trade
plays
a direct
role
in expanding local import and export activities, establishing and expanding relations.
In addition
,
trade
relations contribute to changing the perception of nations of Vietnam and
help
enhancing
, consolidating Vietnam's position.
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IELTS essay Commercial agency in Vietnam and the UK

Essay
  American English
4 paragraphs
1263 words
5.5
Overall Band Score
Coherence and Cohesion: 5.5
  • Structure your answers in logical paragraphs
  • ?
    One main idea per paragraph
  • Include an introduction and conclusion
  • Support main points with an explanation and then an example
  • Use cohesive linking words accurately and appropriately
  • Vary your linking phrases using synonyms
Lexical Resource: 5.0
  • Try to vary your vocabulary using accurate synonyms
  • Use less common question specific words that accurately convey meaning
  • Check your work for spelling and word formation mistakes
Grammatical Range: 5.5
  • Use a variety of complex and simple sentences
  • Check your writing for errors
Task Achievement: 6.0
  • Answer all parts of the question
  • ?
    Present relevant ideas
  • Fully explain these ideas
  • Support ideas with relevant, specific examples
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