In addition, the design of matrices

In addition, the design of matrices or substrates that support these dyes also plays an important role in improving their chemical selectivity by providing analytes access to chromophores or by modifying the local environment of chromophores. It has attracted a lot of attention in recent years for biomolecular assays. To change color, analytes must have access to responsive chemical dyes. The matrix in which the dye molecules are stabilized and the substrate on which the ink formulation is deposited both contribute to the performance of the sensor array. Chemically, hydrophobic host matrices improve the chemical stability, sensitivity, and selectivity of sensors. In general, as the part size decreases(miniaturization) for the responsive chemical sensor, the response time decreases, and the sensitivity for the resulting sensor arrays increases. The surface-to-volume ratio and the high surface energy of the nanoparticles are very promising for the detection of reactive volatile gases at the ppb level, which we will discuss in the following sections.