Waste management is one of the problems that governments have to face and solve. Waste problems and policies related to how to solve and manage them are not only discussed at the national level but also international level, as well. Particularly, since the circular economy has been raised on governments and international organizations' agendas, it proposes alternative and sustainable ways to waste treatment methods. European Union takes precautions against environmental problems at the international level, and the EU establishes several environmental standards, directives, and policies to combat environmental problems. Although the standards are helping governments in terms of defining and implementing waste policies, there are more decisive factors to the successful implementation of waste policies. Having well-functioning institutions and the level of economic development are significant and primary factors affecting the government's ability to implement sustainable waste policies. In this context, institutional quality and economic development in countries enable them to implement waste policies and reach higher results in Waste Hierarchy Index scores. Also, the observability of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is tested. In addition, the existence of participatory governance influences the implementation of waste policies in countries. For this reason, higher and lower WHI-scored countries are selected, and the existence of participatory governance in countries is analyzed, as well.
Waste
management is one of the
problems
that
governments
have to
face and solve.
Waste
problems
and
policies
related to how to solve and manage them are not
only
discussed at the national
level
but
also
international
level
,
as well
.
Particularly
, since the circular economy has
been raised
on
governments
and international organizations' agendas, it proposes alternative and sustainable ways to
waste
treatment methods. European Union takes precautions against
environmental
problems
at the international
level
, and the EU establishes several
environmental
standards, directives, and
policies
to combat
environmental
problems
. Although the standards are helping
governments
in terms of defining and implementing
waste
policies
, there are more decisive factors to the successful implementation of
waste
policies
. Having well-functioning institutions and the
level
of economic development are significant and primary factors affecting the
government
's ability to implement sustainable
waste
policies
. In this context, institutional quality and economic development in
countries
enable them to implement
waste
policies
and reach higher results in
Waste
Hierarchy Index scores.
Also
, the observability of the
Environmental
Kuznets Curve hypothesis is
tested
.
In addition
, the existence of participatory governance influences the implementation of
waste
policies
in
countries
.
For this reason
, higher and lower
WHI-scored
countries
are selected
, and the existence of participatory governance in
countries
is analyzed
,
as well
.