There are five categories of ratios used in financial statement analysis. These are: (1) liquidity ratios, which measure a firm’s ability to meet cash needs as they arise; (2) activity ratios, which measure the liquidity of specific assets and the efficiency of managing assets; (3) leverage ratios, which measure the extent of a firm’s financing with debt relative to equity and its ability to cover interest and other fixed charges; (4) profitability ratios, which measure the overall performance of a firm and its efficiency in managing assets, liabilities, and equity (Fraser & Ormiston, 2004); and (5) market value ratios, which bring in the stock price and give an idea of what investors think about the firm and its future prospects (Brigham & Houston, 2009).
The liquidity ratios measure the university’s ability to meet its debt obligations using its current assets. When a business is experiencing financial difficulties and is unable to pay its debts, it can convert its assets into cash and use the money to settle any pending debts with more ease. The current ratio is a commonly used measure of short-run solvency, the ability of the firm to meet its debt requirements as they come due. Current liabilities are used as the denominator of the ratio because they are considered to represent the most urgent debts, requiring retirement within one year or one operating cycle. The available cash resources to satisfy these obligations must come primarily from cash or the conversion to cash of other current assets (Fraser & Ormiston, 2004). The quick or acid-test ratio is a more rigorous test of short-run solvency than the current ratio because the numerator eliminates inventory, considered the least liquid current asset and the most likely source of losses (Fraser & Ormiston, 2004). The percentage changes in these two specific ratios from 2018 to 2020 were decreased of –29. 00% and –31. 00% respectively, meaning the university was unable to generate enough cash and struggle with paying debts.
There are five categories of
ratios
used
in financial statement analysis. These are: (1) liquidity
ratios
, which
measure
a
firm’s
ability
to
meet
cash
needs as they arise; (2) activity
ratios
, which
measure
the liquidity of specific assets and the efficiency of managing assets; (3) leverage
ratios
, which
measure
the extent of a
firm’s
financing with
debt
relative to equity and its
ability
to cover interest and other
fixed
charges; (4) profitability
ratios
, which
measure
the
overall
performance of a
firm
and its efficiency in managing assets, liabilities, and equity (Fraser &
Ormiston
, 2004); and (5) market value
ratios
, which bring in the stock price and give an
idea
of what investors
think
about the
firm
and its future prospects (Brigham & Houston, 2009).
The liquidity
ratios
measure
the university’s
ability
to
meet
its
debt
obligations using its
current
assets. When a business is experiencing financial difficulties and is unable to pay its
debts
, it can convert its assets into
cash
and
use
the money to settle any pending
debts
with more
ease
. The
current
ratio
is a
commonly
used
measure
of short-run solvency, the
ability
of the
firm
to
meet
its
debt
requirements as they
come
due.
Current
liabilities are
used
as the denominator of the
ratio
because
they
are considered
to represent the most urgent
debts
, requiring retirement within one year or one operating cycle. The available
cash
resources to satisfy these obligations
must
come
primarily
from
cash
or the conversion to
cash
of other
current
assets (Fraser &
Ormiston
, 2004). The quick or acid-
test
ratio
is a more rigorous
test
of short-run solvency than the
current
ratio
because
the numerator eliminates inventory, considered the least liquid
current
asset
and the most likely source of losses (Fraser &
Ormiston
, 2004).
The
percentage
changes
in these two specific
ratios
from 2018 to 2020
were decreased
of –29. 00% and –31. 00%
respectively
, meaning the university was unable to generate
enough
cash
and struggle with paying
debts
.