The reading passage describes three theories that explain the possible sources of the strange sounds called 'quackers' detected by Russian submarines while patrolling the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean during 1960-1980. Each one of these theories is rejected by the lecturer as unlikely causes of the sounds.
The first theory presented by the reading states that those sounds were made by orca whales which the professor refutes by pointing out that orca whales live on the surface of the ocean while the submarines move around deep in the ocean, therefore, the crews could not have heard them. Besides, orca whales would have been detected by the sonar as solid moving objects, which was not the case.
The second theory in the passage claims that giant squids could have emitted the sounds. But the lecturer argues that there is a contradictory fact: the sounds started in the 1960s and ended in the 1980s whereas giant squids always have lived there and still live there, so the sounds would have continued. Thus, this theory is not plausible.
Finally, in regard to the third theory of the reading which suggests that foreign submarines were emitting those sounds inadvertently, she opposes it by explaining that the sounds changed directions quickly and by that time no submarine could move so fast. Moreover, if other submarines were the source of the sounds, then engine noise must be heard as well but no engine noise accompanied the quackers.
The reading passage
describes
three
theories
that
explain
the possible sources of the strange
sounds
called '
quackers
' detected by Russian
submarines
while patrolling the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean during 1960-1980. Each one of these
theories
is rejected
by the lecturer as unlikely causes of the sounds.
The
first
theory
presented by the reading states that those
sounds
were made
by orca whales which the professor refutes by pointing out that orca whales
live
on the surface of the ocean while the
submarines
move
around deep in the ocean,
therefore
, the crews could not have heard them.
Besides
, orca whales would have
been detected
by the sonar as solid moving objects, which was not the case.
The second
theory
in the passage claims that giant squids could have emitted the
sounds
.
But
the lecturer argues that there is a contradictory fact: the
sounds
started
in the 1960s and ended in the 1980s whereas giant squids always have
lived
there and
still
live
there,
so
the
sounds
would have continued.
Thus
, this
theory
is not plausible.
Finally
, in regard to the third
theory
of the reading which suggests that foreign
submarines
were emitting those
sounds
inadvertently
, she opposes it by explaining that the
sounds
changed
directions
quickly
and by that time no
submarine
could
move
so
fast
.
Moreover
, if other
submarines
were the source of the
sounds
, then engine noise
must
be heard
as well
but
no engine noise accompanied the
quackers
.