Scant physical evidence remains of the first human domestication of grain. Still, there is enough to conclude that ancient peoples, motivated by the nutritional value of bread or cakes made of wild wheat, looked for controlled ways to grow it to provide a consistent food supply. Three related discoveries are likely to have led to the introduction of bread as the first grain-based food.
The first discovery was that wheat could be prepared for use by grinding. People probably began consuming wheat by chewing it raw. Because wheat is very hard, they gradually discovered that it was less trouble to eat if crushed to paste between two stones—the result would have been the ancestor of the drier, more powdery wheat flour we use today.
From there, it was a short step to the next breakthrough: baking the simplest bread, which requires no technology but fire. Loaves of wheat paste, when baked into bread, could be stored for long periods, certainly longer than raw seeds. This kept the food value of wheat available for an extended period after it had been harvested.
Finally, ancient peoples found that if the paste was allowed to sit in the open, yeast spores from the air settled on it and began fermenting the wheat. This natural process of fermentation caused bubbles to form in the wheat paste, suggesting that it would be lighter in texture and even easier to eat when baked
Scant physical evidence remains of the
first
human domestication of grain.
Still
, there is
enough
to conclude
that ancient peoples, motivated by the nutritional value of bread or cakes made of wild
wheat
, looked for controlled ways to grow it to provide a consistent food supply. Three related discoveries are likely to have led to the introduction of bread as the
first
grain-based food.
The
first
discovery was that
wheat
could
be prepared
for
use
by grinding.
People
probably
began consuming
wheat
by chewing it raw.
Because
wheat
is
very
hard
, they
gradually
discovered that it was less trouble to eat if crushed to paste between two stones—the result would have been the ancestor of the drier, more powdery
wheat
flour we
use
today
.
From there, it was a short step to the
next
breakthrough: baking the simplest bread, which requires no technology
but
fire. Loaves of
wheat
paste, when baked into bread, could
be stored
for long periods,
certainly
longer than raw seeds. This
kept
the food value of
wheat
available for an extended period after it had
been harvested
.
Finally
, ancient peoples found that if the paste was
allowed
to sit in the open, yeast spores from the air settled on it and began fermenting the
wheat
. This natural process of fermentation caused bubbles to form in the
wheat
paste, suggesting that it would be lighter in texture and even easier to eat when
baked