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endophytes on mangrove plant

endophytes on mangrove plant GeQe
Mangroves have a lot of benefits to human beings especially to protect the coastal area from abrasion and to maintain the sustainability of marine resources that live below them. The loss of valuable mangroves have been reported by many researchers (Polidoro et. al. , 2010; Sahu et. al. , 2015). One of the mangroves that is decreasing in numbers is Avicennia marina. Habitat loss and climate change are two of some causes of their decline (Duke et. al. , 2010; hastuti et. al. , 2012). Furthermore, overexploitation is often faced by this mangrove because almost all of the plant’s parts are valuable to humans, from its trunk to fruit. In addition, some diseases were also reported attacking A. marina, making it more vulnerable to death (Osorio et. al. , 2017). Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside the plants that build a mutualistic relationship with the host plants. Reports suggested the broad utilization of endophytes such as to increase the plant’s resistance towards pathogens, to promote the plant’s growth, to produce valuable compounds used in medications (Gouda et. al. , 2016), as well as to combat plant’s pathogens (Nair and Padmavathy, 2014). Thus, the exploration of endophytes in mangroves increases their possibility to grow more rapidly and strongly to cope with their exploitation and diseases. Other than that, the endophytes might be beneficial to other plants as well. In such a way, endophytes extracted from mangrove can be used as biocontrol and growth promoter (Rai et. al. , 2014) not only in themselves but also in other plants. Reintroduction endophytes is a way to observe how they can live inside the host and how the host responds to their existence. This method also gives an opportunity to increase the life quality of the plants. Spontaneous mutants are mutants that occur spontaneously during replication in nature because of certain environmental challenge (MacPhee and Ambrose, 1996). Spontaneous mutants differ from the wild type because they have resistance to certain or some antibiotic(s) which then can be used to track the colonisation of reintroduction endophytes inside the host plants. There were three endophytes extracted from A. marina’s leaf tissue that collected from Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo Surabaya. These endophytes were characterized by using biochemical and molecular tests and then they were known as Bacillus subtilis (from 2 different strains) and Bacillus sp. Reintroduction of these endophytes to the host plant aims to know their ability to colonise the plant. To track the endophytes colonisation, spontaneous mutants are applied.
Mangroves have
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
a lot of
benefits to human beings
especially
to protect the coastal area from abrasion and to maintain the sustainability of marine resources that
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
live
below them. The loss of valuable mangroves
Did you mean "has"?
have
been reported
by
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
many
researchers (
Possible spelling mistake found.
Polidoro
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2010;
Possible spelling mistake found.
Sahu
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2015). One of the mangroves
that is
decreasing in numbers is
Possible spelling mistake found.
Avicennia
marina. Habitat loss and climate
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
change
are two of
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
some
causes of their decline (Duke
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2010;
Possible spelling mistake found.
hastuti
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2012).
Furthermore
, overexploitation is
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
often
faced by this mangrove
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
almost
Consider using "all the".
all of the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plant’s
parts are valuable to humans, from its trunk to fruit.
In addition
,
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
some
diseases were
also
reported attacking A. marina, making it more vulnerable to death (Osorio
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2017).

Possible spelling mistake found.
Endophytes
are microorganisms that
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
live
inside the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plants
that build a
Possible spelling mistake found.
mutualistic
relationship with the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
host
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plants
. Reports suggested the broad utilization of
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
such as to increase the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plant’s
resistance towards pathogens, to promote the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plant’s
growth, to produce valuable compounds
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
in medications (Gouda
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2016),
as well
as to combat
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plant’s
pathogens (Nair and
Possible spelling mistake found.
Padmavathy
, 2014).
Thus
, the exploration of
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
in mangroves increases their possibility to grow more
rapidly
and
strongly
to cope with their exploitation and diseases. Other than that, the
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
might be beneficial to other
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plants
as well
. In such a way,
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
extracted from mangrove can be
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
as biocontrol and growth promoter (
Possible spelling mistake found.
Rai
Misplaced dot: "et al."
et. al.
Loose punctuation mark.
,
2014) not
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
only
in themselves
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
but
also
in other
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plants
. Reintroduction
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
is a way to observe how they can
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
live
inside the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
host
and how the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
host
responds to their existence. This method
also
gives an opportunity to increase the life quality of the plants.

Spontaneous
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
mutants
are
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
mutants
that occur
spontaneously
during replication in nature
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
of certain environmental challenge (
Possible spelling mistake found.
MacPhee
and Ambrose, 1996). Spontaneous
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
mutants
differ from the wild type
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
because
they have resistance to certain or
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
some
antibiotic(s) which then can be
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
used
to
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
track
the
Possible spelling mistake. 'colonisation' is British English.
colonisation
of reintroduction
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
inside the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
host
plants.

There were three
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
extracted from A. marina’s leaf tissue that collected from
Possible spelling mistake found.
Ekowisata
Mangrove
Possible spelling mistake found.
Wonorejo
Surabaya. These
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
were characterized
by using biochemical and molecular
Use a comma before 'and' if it connects two independent clauses (unless they are closely connected and short).
tests and
then they
were known
as Bacillus
Possible spelling mistake found.
subtilis
(from 2
This phrase/word is too simple and can be replaced with:
different
strains) and Bacillus
Possible spelling mistake found.
sp
. Reintroduction of these
Possible spelling mistake found.
endophytes
to the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
host
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plant
aims to know their ability to
Possible spelling mistake. 'colonise' is British English.
colonise
the
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
plant
. To
This phrase/word (depending on the context) can be potentially replaced with :
track
the
Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean "endophytes'" or "endophyte's"?
endophytes
Possible spelling mistake. 'colonisation' is British English.
colonisation
, spontaneous
You use this word too often, consider replacing it with
mutants
are applied
.
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IELTS essay endophytes on mangrove plant

Essay
  American English
4 paragraphs
413 words
5.5
Overall Band Score
Coherence and Cohesion: 5.5
  • Structure your answers in logical paragraphs
  • ?
    One main idea per paragraph
  • Include an introduction and conclusion
  • Support main points with an explanation and then an example
  • Use cohesive linking words accurately and appropriately
  • Vary your linking phrases using synonyms
Lexical Resource: 5.0
  • Try to vary your vocabulary using accurate synonyms
  • Use less common question specific words that accurately convey meaning
  • Check your work for spelling and word formation mistakes
Grammatical Range: 5.5
  • Use a variety of complex and simple sentences
  • Check your writing for errors
Task Achievement: 5.0
  • Answer all parts of the question
  • ?
    Present relevant ideas
  • Fully explain these ideas
  • Support ideas with relevant, specific examples
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    Currently is not available
  • Meet the criteria
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